100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Edexcel A-level English Literature - FULL Othello scene-by-scene summary $10.34
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. PEARSON (PEARSON)
  4.  
  5. English Literature 2015
  6.  
  7. Unit 1 - Drama

Summary

Edexcel A-level English Literature - FULL Othello scene-by-scene summary

 11 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Unit 1 - Drama
  • Institution
  • PEARSON (PEARSON)

Scene-by-scene summary of Shakespeare's Othello of all key quotes of the play - perfect for revision! Used to achieve an A* in Edexcel A-level English Literature

Preview 4 out of 37  pages

Document information

  • August 31, 2024
  • 37
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary

Subjects

  • a level english
  • english
  • othello
  • drama
  • shakespeare
  • tragedy
  • iago
  • desdemona
  • key quotes
  • english literature

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • PEARSON (PEARSON)
  • English Literature 2015
  • Unit 1 - Drama
All documents for this subject (420)

Seller

avatar-seller
elliebean1

Content preview

‭OTHELLO‬‭SCENE‬‭BY‬‭SCENE‬



‭Act‬‭1‬

‭Scene‬‭1‬
‭●‬ V ‭ enice,‬‭Italy:‬‭Roderigo‬‭+‬‭Iago‬‭are‬‭arguing‬‭-‬‭Roderigo‬‭paid‬‭Iago‬‭a‬‭lot‬‭of‬‭money‬‭to‬‭help‬‭him‬
‭win‬‭the‬‭hand‬‭of‬‭Desdemona,‬‭but‬‭Desdemona‬‭has‬‭eloped‬‭with‬‭Othello‬‭(general)‬
‭○‬ ‭“Who‬‭hast‬‭had‬‭my‬‭purse‬‭–‬‭as‬‭if‬‭the‬‭strings‬‭were‬‭thine”‬‭-‬‭manipulation‬‭of‬‭weak‬‭R‬
‭○‬ ‭Hints‬‭at‬‭Iago’s‬‭duplicity‬
‭○‬ ‭Primary‬‭reason‬‭for‬‭hatred‬‭=‬‭jealousy‬‭not‬‭racial‬‭prejudice‬
‭●‬ ‭Iago‬‭hates‬‭Othello;‬‭Othello‬‭recently‬‭passed‬‭him‬‭over‬‭for‬‭a‬‭promotion‬‭for‬‭Cassio‬‭(a‬
‭“spinster”‬ ‭military‬‭theorist‬‭with‬‭no‬‭experience)‬
‭○‬ ‭“I‬‭know‬‭my‬‭price,‬‭I‬‭am‬‭worth‬‭no‬‭worse‬‭a‬‭place”‬
‭○‬ ‭Iago‬‭questions‬‭Cassio’s‬‭manhood‬
‭○‬ ‭Iago’s‬‭misogyny;‬‭spinster‬‭=‬‭old‬‭unmarried‬‭women‬‭with‬‭no‬‭experience‬‭of‬‭sex,‬‭just‬
‭as‬‭Cassio‬‭has‬‭no‬‭experience‬‭of‬‭battle‬
‭■‬ ‭“Mere‬‭prattle‬‭without‬‭practice‬‭–‬‭is‬‭all‬‭his‬‭soldiership”‬‭=‬‭plosive‬‭alliteration‬
‭○‬ ‭“Florentine”;‬ ‭not‬‭Venetian,‬‭importance‬‭of‬‭identity‬‭-‬‭city‬‭had‬‭reputation‬‭of‬‭being‬‭a‬
‭collection‬‭of‬‭financiers‬‭and‬‭bookkeepers‬
‭■‬ ‭VS‬‭the‬‭description‬‭he‬‭gives‬‭teh‬‭Montano;‬‭“he‬‭is‬‭a‬‭soldier‬‭fit‬‭to‬‭stand‬‭by‬
‭Caesar/‬‭And‬‭give‬‭direction”‬
‭●‬ ‭Iago‬‭adds‬‭that‬‭he‬‭is‬‭just‬‭looking‬‭out‬‭for‬‭his‬‭own‬‭self-interest:‬‭“"In‬‭following‬‭him‬‭I‬‭but‬
‭follow‬‭myself‬‭[...]‬‭I‬‭am‬‭not‬‭what‬‭I‬‭am";‬‭biblical‬‭allusion‬‭-‬‭perverting‬‭“I‬‭am‬‭who‬‭I‬‭am”‬‭,‬‭“I‬
‭follow‬‭him‬‭to‬‭serve‬‭my‬‭turn‬‭upon‬‭him”‬
‭○‬ ‭Reveals‬‭duplicity‬‭capacity‬
‭○‬ ‭“To‬‭love‬‭the‬‭Moor”‬
‭●‬ ‭Iago‬‭+‬‭Roderigo‬‭go‬‭to‬‭Brabantio’s‬‭house‬‭-‬‭shout‬‭from‬‭street‬‭that‬‭Brabantio‬‭has‬‭been‬
‭robbed‬‭-‬‭Iago‬‭crudely‬‭describes‬‭sex‬‭(animalistic‬‭language:‬‭old‬‭black‬‭ram‬‭/‬‭is‬‭tupping‬
‭your‬‭white‬‭ewe‬‭-‬‭vulgar,‬‭D‬‭has‬‭virginal‬‭innocence‬‭-‬‭dominated‬‭as‬‭she‬‭is‬‭the‬‭grammatical‬
‭object‬‭of‬‭the‬‭sentence‬‭and‬‭Ohtello‬‭is‬‭the‬‭subject‬‭,‬‭a‬‭"Barbary‬‭horse,‬‭“making‬‭the‬‭beast‬
‭with‬‭two‬‭backs”‬‭)‬
‭○‬ ‭Uses‬‭prejudice‬‭as‬‭a‬‭tool‬‭-‬‭bestial‬
‭■‬ ‭Animalistic‬‭language‬‭=‬‭resonance‬‭for‬‭audience‬‭-‬‭Great‬‭Chain‬‭of‬‭Being‬‭-‬
‭animals‬‭were‬‭lower‬‭than‬‭even‬‭the‬‭lowliest‬‭of‬‭humans‬‭-‬‭Moors‬‭are‬‭even‬
‭less‬‭than‬‭human‬
‭○‬ ‭R:‬‭“thick-lips”‬
‭○‬ ‭Misogynistic‬‭to‬‭desdemona‬‭-‬‭“thieves,‬‭thieves‬‭–‬‭look‬‭to‬‭your‬‭house,‬‭your‬
‭daughter‬‭and‬‭your‬‭bags”‬‭=‬‭objectification‬

, ‭‬
○ ‭ lack‬‭=‬‭evil,‬‭devil‬‭-‬‭Moor’s‬‭evil‬‭nation‬
B
‭○‬ ‭“This‬‭is‬‭Venice;‬‭my‬‭house‬‭is‬‭not‬‭a‬‭grange”‬‭=‬‭AO3‬‭civilisation‬
‭○‬ ‭“Gross‬‭clasps‬‭of‬‭a‬‭lascivious‬‭Moor”‬‭=‬‭lustful,‬‭AO3‬‭stereotypes‬
‭○‬ ‭D‬‭has‬‭made‬‭a‬‭“gross‬‭revolt”‬
‭○‬ ‭“Wheeling‬‭stranger‬‭/‬‭of‬‭here‬‭and‬‭everywhere”‬‭=‬‭wandering‬‭foreigner,‬‭identity‬
‭unclear‬
‭ ‬ ‭Brabantio‬‭cannot‬‭find‬‭Desdemona‬‭-‬‭he‬‭says‬‭that‬‭his‬‭daughter‬‭has‬‭been‬‭stolen‬‭by‬‭magic‬
●
‭+‬‭he‬‭wishes‬‭she‬‭had‬‭married‬‭Roderigo‬‭-‬‭orders‬‭Othello’s‬‭arrest.‬‭Iago‬‭leaves‬‭before‬‭his‬
‭identity‬‭is‬‭revealed‬
‭○‬ ‭“Belief‬‭of‬‭it‬‭oppresses‬‭me‬‭already”‬‭=‬‭extent‬‭of‬‭disgust‬
‭○‬ ‭Previously‬‭condemned‬‭Roderigo‬‭-‬‭but‬‭now‬‭sees‬‭as‬‭lesser‬‭of‬‭2‬‭evils‬‭-‬‭“O‬‭would‬‭you‬
‭had‬‭had‬‭her!”‬
‭○‬ ‭Feels‬‭his‬‭manhood‬‭ruined‬‭by‬‭his‬‭daughter’s‬‭deception‬
‭○‬ ‭Iago‬‭appeals‬‭to‬‭different‬‭people‬‭by‬‭feigning‬‭loyalty‬
‭○‬ ‭B‬‭“dreamed”‬‭it‬‭-‬‭fate‬




‭Scene‬‭2‬
‭●‬ I‭ago‬‭demonstrates‬‭his‬‭loyalty‬‭by‬‭condemning‬‭Roderigo‬‭+‬‭warning‬‭Othello‬‭that‬‭Brabantio‬
‭is‬‭searching‬‭for‬‭him‬‭and‬‭will‬‭try‬‭to‬‭force‬‭a‬‭divorce‬
‭○‬ ‭Iago‬‭duplicity‬‭-‬‭tries‬‭to‬‭provoke‬‭Othello‬‭by‬‭suggesting‬‭Roderigo‬‭has‬‭slighted‬‭his‬
‭manly‬‭honour‬‭-‬‭but‬‭Othello‬‭seems‬‭completely‬‭secure‬‭in‬‭himself,‬‭immune‬‭to‬
‭challenges‬‭to‬‭his‬‭manhood‬
‭■‬ ‭“Spole‬‭such‬‭scurvy‬‭against‬‭your‬‭honour”‬
‭●‬ ‭When‬‭men‬‭approach‬‭Iago‬‭advises‬‭Othello‬‭to‬‭go‬‭inside‬‭but‬‭Ohtello‬‭refuses,‬‭preferring‬‭to‬
‭face‬‭them,‬‭saying‬‭he‬‭has‬‭dutifully‬‭served‬‭the‬‭state‬‭of‬‭Venice‬‭+‬‭his‬‭conscience‬‭is‬‭clean‬‭-‬
‭he‬‭loves‬‭Desdemona‬
‭○‬ ‭“Let‬‭him‬‭do‬‭his‬‭spite;‬‭my‬‭services‬‭which‬‭I‬‭have‬‭done‬‭the‬‭signory,‬‭shall‬‭out-tongue‬
‭his‬‭complaints”‬
‭■‬ ‭Confidence‬‭-‬‭how‬‭mercenaries‬‭gain‬‭status‬
‭○‬ ‭“Not‬‭I;‬‭I‬‭must‬‭be‬‭found.‬‭My‬‭parts,‬‭my‬‭title‬‭and‬‭my‬‭perfect‬‭soul‬‭/‬‭SHall‬‭manifest‬
‭me‬‭rightly”‬
‭○‬ ‭Othello‬‭knows‬‭that‬‭his‬‭honourable‬‭military‬‭service‬‭will‬‭outweigh‬‭Brabantio’s‬
‭grievance‬
‭○‬ ‭First‬‭character‬‭to‬‭speak‬‭of‬‭love;‬‭all‬‭other‬‭men‬‭seem‬‭to‬‭see‬‭women‬‭purely‬‭as‬
‭possessions‬
‭■‬ ‭Tag‬‭label‬‭of‬‭“gentle‬‭Desdemona”‬‭vs‬‭I‬‭=‬‭objectification‬‭“tonight‬‭hath‬
‭boarded‬‭a‬‭land‬‭carrack”‬‭(C‬‭doesn’t‬‭understand‬‭-‬‭more‬‭respectful)‬
‭●‬ ‭Men‬‭=‬‭Cassio‬‭+‬‭servants‬‭of‬‭Duke‬‭of‬‭Venice,‬‭sent‬‭to‬‭bring‬‭Othello‬‭to‬‭meet‬‭with‬‭the‬‭Duke‬
‭regarding‬‭a‬‭military‬‭issue‬‭in‬‭Cyprus‬

, ‭○‬ P ‭ roof‬‭that‬‭the‬‭state’s‬‭need‬‭for‬‭Othello’s‬‭military‬‭leadership‬‭will‬‭outweigh‬‭any‬‭racial‬
‭prejudice‬‭against‬‭him‬‭-‬‭“hotly‬‭called‬‭for”‬
‭●‬ ‭Roderigo‬‭+‬‭Brabantio‬‭and‬‭his‬‭men‬‭arrive‬‭-‬‭state‬‭Othello‬‭must‬‭have‬‭enchanted‬
‭Desdemona‬‭-‬‭or‬‭why‬‭else‬‭“to‬‭the‬‭sooty‬‭bosom‬‭of‬‭such‬‭a‬‭thing‬‭as‬‭thou”‬‭-‬‭orders‬‭his‬‭men‬
‭to‬‭seize‬‭Othello‬
‭○‬ ‭Damned‬‭as‬‭thou‬‭art,‬‭thou‬‭hast‬‭enchanted‬‭her!‬‭/‬‭“foul‬‭charms”‬‭–‬‭she‬‭in‬‭chains‬‭of‬
‭magic‬‭were‬‭not‬‭bound,‬‭—‬ ‭sooty‬‭bosom‬‭/‬‭Of‬‭such‬‭a‬‭thing‬‭as‬‭thou—to‬‭fear,‬‭not‬‭to‬
‭delight‬
‭■‬ ‭Prejudice,‬‭stereotypes‬‭of‬‭witchcraft‬‭-‬‭O‬‭constantly‬‭associated‬‭with‬
‭witchcraft‬‭(motif):‬‭gives‬‭him‬‭an‬‭air‬‭of‬‭otherworldliness‬‭+‬‭exoticism‬
‭●‬ ‭Magic‬‭is‬‭not‬‭accepted‬‭by‬‭Christian‬‭Europe‬‭-‬‭‘othering’‬‭him‬
‭○‬ ‭Foul‬‭thief‬
‭○‬ ‭Injured‬‭sense‬‭of‬‭manhood‬‭-‬‭horror‬‭at‬‭interracial‬‭sexuality‬
‭ ‬ ‭Othello‬‭unfazed‬‭-‬‭Brabantio‬‭accompanies‬‭Othello‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Duke‬‭+‬‭air‬‭his‬‭grievance‬‭there‬
●
‭○‬ ‭Othello‬‭remains‬‭confident‬‭that‬‭his‬‭honourable‬‭service‬‭will‬‭outweigh‬‭his‬‭outsider‬
‭status‬
‭○‬ ‭Court‬‭of‬‭law‬‭=‬‭justice‬
‭○‬ ‭B:‬‭“brothers‬‭of‬‭the‬‭state”‬‭=‬‭unity‬‭with‬‭others‬‭like‬‭him‬
‭○‬ ‭“For‬‭if‬‭such‬‭actions‬‭may‬‭have‬‭passage‬‭free/‬‭Bondslaves‬‭and‬‭pagans‬‭shall‬‭our‬
‭statesmen‬‭be”;‬‭spillover‬‭effects‬‭of‬‭normalising‬‭interracial‬‭marriage‬‭-‬‭xenophobia‬



‭Scene‬‭3‬
‭●‬ D ‭ uke‬‭of‬‭Venice‬‭meets‬‭with‬‭senators‬‭about‬‭a‬‭Turkish‬‭invasion‬‭of‬‭Cyprus‬‭-‬‭manage‬‭to‬‭see‬
‭through‬‭a‬‭Turkish‬‭ploy‬
‭○‬ ‭Duplicity‬‭-‬‭serious‬‭role‬‭in‬‭politics‬‭and‬‭war‬‭+‬‭jealousy‬‭and‬‭love‬‭=‬‭“Tis‬‭a‬‭pageant‬‭/‬‭to‬
‭keep‬‭us‬‭in‬‭false‬‭gaze”‬
‭○‬ ‭Reveals‬‭Cyprus‬‭is‬‭of‬‭supreme‬‭value‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Venetians;‬‭entrusted‬‭to‬‭O‬
‭●‬ ‭O‬‭+‬‭B‬‭arrive:‬‭B‬‭demands‬‭they‬‭discuss‬‭that‬‭his‬‭daughter‬‭has‬‭been‬‭corrupted‬‭to‬‭marry‬‭-‬
‭Duke‬‭promises‬‭to‬‭help‬‭B‬‭prosecute‬‭the‬‭man‬‭who‬‭has‬‭seduced‬‭but‬‭when‬‭he‬‭learns‬‭is‬‭O‬‭he‬
‭gives‬‭O‬‭a‬‭chance‬‭to‬‭defend‬‭himself‬
‭○‬ ‭Duke‬‭needs‬‭Othello’s‬‭military‬‭leadership‬‭→‬‭not‬‭so‬‭swayed‬‭by‬‭prejudice‬
‭■‬ ‭Conditional‬‭nature‬‭of‬‭acceptance/status‬
‭○‬ ‭B‬‭has‬‭such‬‭an‬‭extreme‬‭reaction‬‭that‬‭Duke‬‭thinks‬‭D‬‭is‬‭“Dead?”‬
‭○‬ ‭Duke‬‭will‬‭use‬‭the‬‭“bloody‬‭book‬‭of‬‭law”‬‭-‬‭AO3‬‭witchcraft‬‭was‬‭a‬‭capital‬‭crime‬
‭○‬ ‭D‬‭says‬‭B‬‭cannot‬‭assert‬‭with‬‭“no‬‭proof”‬‭-‬‭senator‬‭says‬‭“But‬‭Othello,‬‭speak”‬
‭■‬ ‭Contrast‬‭with‬‭silencing‬‭in‬‭Act‬‭5‬
‭●‬ ‭Othello‬‭denies‬‭using‬‭magic‬‭to‬‭win‬‭her‬‭love‬‭+‬‭says‬‭D‬‭will‬‭support‬‭her.‬‭Tells‬‭story‬‭of‬‭their‬
‭love‬‭-‬‭dramatic‬‭tales‬‭of‬‭battle,‬‭valour‬‭won‬‭D‬‭-‬‭Duke‬‭comments‬‭that‬‭his‬‭own‬‭daughter‬
‭might‬‭be‬‭won‬‭over‬
‭○‬ ‭“Most‬‭potent,‬‭grave‬‭and‬‭reverend‬‭signors”‬‭=‬‭highly‬‭respectful‬

, ‭○‬ "‭ Rude‬‭am‬‭I‬‭in‬‭my‬‭speech,‬‭/‬‭And‬‭little‬‭bless'd‬‭with‬‭the‬‭soft‬‭phrase‬‭of‬‭peace:”‬‭=‬
‭false‬‭humility‬‭or‬‭internalised‬‭insecurity?‬‭-‬‭only‬‭think‬‭he‬‭can‬‭speak‬‭about‬‭is‬‭“little‬
‭of‬‭this‬‭great‬‭world‬‭can‬‭I‬‭speak”‬‭–‬‭only‬‭“Broil‬‭and‬‭battle”‬
‭○‬ ‭Honest;‬‭“unvarnished‬‭tale‬‭deliver”‬
‭○‬ ‭O‬‭asserts‬‭storytelling‬‭has‬‭a‬‭seductive‬‭power;‬‭Iago‬‭will‬‭seduce‬‭O‬‭with‬‭his‬‭later‬
‭○‬ ‭O‬‭is‬‭confident‬‭+‬‭charismatic;‬‭Duke‬‭clearly‬‭prefers‬‭him‬
‭○‬ ‭“Send‬‭for‬‭the‬‭lady”‬‭=‬‭confident‬‭in‬‭her‬‭love‬‭+‬‭giving‬‭her‬‭a‬‭chance‬‭to‬‭speak‬‭-‬‭“let‬
‭your‬‭sentence‬‭/‬‭even‬‭fall‬‭upon‬‭my‬ ‭life”‬
‭○‬ ‭“The‬‭story‬‭of‬‭my‬‭life‬‭/‬‭from‬‭year‬‭to‬‭year‬‭-‬‭the‬‭battles,‬‭sieges‬‭fortunes”‬
‭■‬ ‭Shakespeare‬‭draws‬‭on‬‭travel‬‭writing;‬‭European‬‭travellers‬‭would‬‭explore‬
‭previously‬‭unvisited‬‭territory‬‭and‬‭write‬‭down‬‭their‬‭experiences‬‭in‬‭a‬
‭fanciful‬‭and‬‭exoticised‬‭way‬‭-‬‭exoticness‬
‭■‬ ‭Anaphora‬‭“Of‬‭moving‬‭accidents‬‭/‬‭Of‬‭hair-breadth‬‭scapes/‬‭Of‬‭being‬‭taken”‬
‭=‬‭building‬‭up‬‭effect‬
‭■‬ ‭“Sold‬‭to‬‭slavery”‬
‭■‬ ‭Cannibals‬
‭■‬ ‭Journey‬‭=‬‭“my‬‭pilgrimage”‬‭-‬‭assimilation‬‭into‬‭Christianity‬‭→‬‭acceptability‬
‭○‬ ‭D‬‭with‬‭a‬‭“greedy‬‭ear‬‭/‬‭decor‬‭up‬‭my‬‭discourse”;‬‭suggesting‬‭D‬‭is‬‭not‬‭so‬‭pure‬‭and‬
‭innocent‬‭(7‬‭Deadly‬‭Sins),‬‭emphasises‬‭how‬‭the‬‭exoticism‬‭drew‬‭her‬‭in‬
‭■‬ ‭AO3‬‭indicative‬‭of‬‭exploration‬‭=‬‭Drake‬‭circumnavigating‬‭the‬‭world‬
‭■‬ ‭She‬‭is‬‭more‬‭independent‬‭than‬‭weak‬‭image‬‭B‬‭paints‬
‭○‬ ‭She‬‭loved‬‭me‬‭for‬‭the‬‭dangers‬‭I‬‭had‬‭passed,‬‭And‬‭I‬‭loved‬‭her‬‭that‬‭she‬‭did‬‭pity‬
‭them.";‬‭marriage‬‭is‬‭based‬‭on‬‭a‬‭romantic‬‭notion‬‭of‬‭adventure‬‭-‬‭D‬‭hopes‬‭to‬‭escape‬
‭her‬‭father’s‬‭suffocating‬‭will‬‭-‬‭caught‬‭up‬‭in‬‭a‬‭fantasy?‬
‭○‬ ‭“This‬‭only‬‭is‬‭the‬‭witchcraft‬‭I‬‭have‬‭used”‬‭=‬‭denies‬‭it‬‭but‬‭still‬‭associates‬‭himself‬
‭with‬‭it‬‭-‬‭hints‬‭he‬‭is‬‭defined‬‭by‬‭his‬‭ethnicity‬
‭○‬ ‭“I‬‭think‬‭this‬‭tale‬‭would‬‭win‬‭my‬‭daughter‬‭too”‬
‭●‬ ‭D‬‭arrives‬‭-‬‭confirms‬‭her‬‭love‬‭-‬‭says‬‭she‬‭must‬‭now‬‭shift‬‭her‬‭obedience‬‭from‬‭B‬‭to‬‭O‬‭(as‬‭her‬
‭mother‬‭did):‬‭B‬‭grudgingly‬‭gives‬‭up‬‭grievance‬
‭○‬ ‭“Half‬‭the‬‭wooer”‬‭=‬‭equity‬‭in‬‭relationship‬
‭○‬ ‭Women‬‭=‬‭always‬‭obedient‬‭to‬‭some‬‭man‬‭-‬‭“divided‬‭duty”‬
‭○‬ ‭“Thy‬‭escape‬‭would‬‭teach‬‭me‬‭tyranny‬‭to‬‭hang‬‭clogs‬‭on‬‭them”‬‭=‬‭patriarchal‬
‭ownership‬
‭○‬ ‭D:‬‭“to‬‭mourn‬‭a‬‭mischief‬‭that‬‭is‬‭past‬‭and‬‭gone‬‭/‬‭is‬‭the‬‭next‬‭way‬‭to‬‭draw‬‭mischief‬
‭on”‬‭=‬‭warning‬‭of‬‭cyclical‬‭revenge‬
‭ ‬ ‭Duke‬‭says‬‭O‬‭must‬‭go‬‭to‬‭Cyprus‬‭to‬‭lead‬‭its‬‭defence:‬‭D‬‭suggests‬‭D‬‭should‬‭stay‬‭at‬‭home‬
●
‭but‬‭B‬‭O‬‭D‬‭all‬‭object‬‭→‬‭D‬‭says‬‭she‬‭may‬‭go‬‭with‬‭Othello‬
‭○‬ ‭D‬‭asserts‬‭her‬‭will‬‭-‬‭because‬‭she‬‭has‬‭the‬‭backing‬‭of‬‭men‬‭-‬‭independence‬
‭○‬ ‭“The‬‭fortitude‬‭of‬‭the‬‭place‬‭is‬‭best‬‭known‬‭to‬‭you”‬
‭○‬ ‭O‬‭loves‬‭D;‬‭wants‬‭her‬‭to‬‭come‬‭with‬‭her‬‭not‬‭to‬‭“please‬‭the‬‭palate‬‭of‬‭my‬‭appetite”‬
‭but‬‭to‬‭“be‬‭free‬‭and‬‭bounteous‬‭to‬‭her‬‭mind”‬

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller elliebean1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $10.34. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

53920 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$10.34
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added