236 Exam 1
Most common cause of restriction of blood flow - correct answer ✔✔Atherosclerosis
Main symptoms of CAD - correct answer ✔✔Angina Pectoris
What is coronary artery disease - correct answer ✔✔Restriction of blood flow in the coronary arteries;
myocardium restricted of blood flow & O2
How is chest pain relieved in a patient with CAD - correct answer ✔✔Rest
Atheroma (plaque deposits) - correct answer ✔✔Abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty substances and
fibrous tissue in the vessel wall
What is the overall treatment goal when a patient is experiencing chest pain - correct answer
✔✔Minimize permanent damage and restore blood flow
-rest, o2, open vessels
What is cholesterol & it's levels - correct answer ✔✔Produced by liver, helps to build healthy cells
>240 high risk for cardiac event
200-239 borderline high risk
<200 low risk
LDL - correct answer ✔✔Carry cholesterol in the blood stream, "bad" cholesterol
Want to be <100mg/dl
HDL - correct answer ✔✔Carry cholesterol in the blood stream, "good" cholesterol, assist in removal of
excess cholesterol and block reuptake of LDL
Want to be >60 mg/dl
,Antihyperlipidemic agents "statins" - correct answer ✔✔Decrease the manufacture of cholesterol in the
liver by enzyme inhibition
Contraindicated in liver disease
Maximum effects may take up for 6 weeks
Ex: Pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin
Bile acid sequestrants - correct answer ✔✔Binds cholesterol in the intestines into soluble complexes for
excretion
May decrease therapeutic effects of dig, Coumadin, & fat soluble vitamins
Begins to work within 24-48 hours
Ex: Questran
Goal for physical activity for the average person - correct answer ✔✔30 min of moderate exercise 5-6
days/week
Increases HDL levels & decreases triglyceride levels
Obesity & weight/hip ratio - correct answer ✔✔>0.8 female >0.9 male
Significance of calf pain - correct answer ✔✔Intermittent claudication!
Pain in leg from blockage r/t atherosclerosis
Angina Pectoris - correct answer ✔✔Pain or feeling of pressure in the anterior chest
Usually associated with significant blockage of a major artery
Can be brought on by- exercise, exposure to cold, stimulant abuse, emotional stress, hyperthyroidism
Stable angina - correct answer ✔✔Predictable; occurs with exertion in activity;familiar to client
Patient aware of condition
Prinzmetal angina
, Aka varient angina - correct answer ✔✔Thought to be form of CA spasm
Pain at rest with ST segment elevation reversible
Pain goes away when spasm goes away
Unstable angina - correct answer ✔✔Progressive increase in frequency, intensity, duration; occurs at rest
or exertion and risk for MI
Pt unaware/knowledge deficit
Silent ischemia - correct answer ✔✔Evidence of ischemia; EKG changes but pt is asymptomatic
Pt never knew they had ischemia or atherosclerosis
Classic sequence of chest pain - correct answer ✔✔Activity, pain, rest, relief
Usual description of chest pain - correct answer ✔✔Tight squeezing, heavy pressure, constricting
sensation beginning at sternum area to radiation
Best way to evaluate chest pain - correct answer ✔✔PQRST
Precipitation, quality, radiation, severity, time
Where does chest pain typically radiate to - correct answer ✔✔LEFT ARM, left shoulder neck or jaw,
across chest, both arms
If a patient is having a full blown MI will their chest pain be alleviated by nitro & rest? - correct answer
✔✔No
Changes in the ST segment in a patient experiencing an MI with permanent damage - correct answer
✔✔ST elevation
Changes in the ST segment when patient is having chest pain - correct answer ✔✔ST segment
depression
Most common cause of restriction of blood flow - correct answer ✔✔Atherosclerosis
Main symptoms of CAD - correct answer ✔✔Angina Pectoris
What is coronary artery disease - correct answer ✔✔Restriction of blood flow in the coronary arteries;
myocardium restricted of blood flow & O2
How is chest pain relieved in a patient with CAD - correct answer ✔✔Rest
Atheroma (plaque deposits) - correct answer ✔✔Abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty substances and
fibrous tissue in the vessel wall
What is the overall treatment goal when a patient is experiencing chest pain - correct answer
✔✔Minimize permanent damage and restore blood flow
-rest, o2, open vessels
What is cholesterol & it's levels - correct answer ✔✔Produced by liver, helps to build healthy cells
>240 high risk for cardiac event
200-239 borderline high risk
<200 low risk
LDL - correct answer ✔✔Carry cholesterol in the blood stream, "bad" cholesterol
Want to be <100mg/dl
HDL - correct answer ✔✔Carry cholesterol in the blood stream, "good" cholesterol, assist in removal of
excess cholesterol and block reuptake of LDL
Want to be >60 mg/dl
,Antihyperlipidemic agents "statins" - correct answer ✔✔Decrease the manufacture of cholesterol in the
liver by enzyme inhibition
Contraindicated in liver disease
Maximum effects may take up for 6 weeks
Ex: Pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin
Bile acid sequestrants - correct answer ✔✔Binds cholesterol in the intestines into soluble complexes for
excretion
May decrease therapeutic effects of dig, Coumadin, & fat soluble vitamins
Begins to work within 24-48 hours
Ex: Questran
Goal for physical activity for the average person - correct answer ✔✔30 min of moderate exercise 5-6
days/week
Increases HDL levels & decreases triglyceride levels
Obesity & weight/hip ratio - correct answer ✔✔>0.8 female >0.9 male
Significance of calf pain - correct answer ✔✔Intermittent claudication!
Pain in leg from blockage r/t atherosclerosis
Angina Pectoris - correct answer ✔✔Pain or feeling of pressure in the anterior chest
Usually associated with significant blockage of a major artery
Can be brought on by- exercise, exposure to cold, stimulant abuse, emotional stress, hyperthyroidism
Stable angina - correct answer ✔✔Predictable; occurs with exertion in activity;familiar to client
Patient aware of condition
Prinzmetal angina
, Aka varient angina - correct answer ✔✔Thought to be form of CA spasm
Pain at rest with ST segment elevation reversible
Pain goes away when spasm goes away
Unstable angina - correct answer ✔✔Progressive increase in frequency, intensity, duration; occurs at rest
or exertion and risk for MI
Pt unaware/knowledge deficit
Silent ischemia - correct answer ✔✔Evidence of ischemia; EKG changes but pt is asymptomatic
Pt never knew they had ischemia or atherosclerosis
Classic sequence of chest pain - correct answer ✔✔Activity, pain, rest, relief
Usual description of chest pain - correct answer ✔✔Tight squeezing, heavy pressure, constricting
sensation beginning at sternum area to radiation
Best way to evaluate chest pain - correct answer ✔✔PQRST
Precipitation, quality, radiation, severity, time
Where does chest pain typically radiate to - correct answer ✔✔LEFT ARM, left shoulder neck or jaw,
across chest, both arms
If a patient is having a full blown MI will their chest pain be alleviated by nitro & rest? - correct answer
✔✔No
Changes in the ST segment in a patient experiencing an MI with permanent damage - correct answer
✔✔ST elevation
Changes in the ST segment when patient is having chest pain - correct answer ✔✔ST segment
depression
