National Boards Dental Hygiene Exam with complete solution
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Course
Dental Hygiene
Institution
Dental Hygiene
Sharpey's fibers
connect periosteum to bone
What fibers of the PDL are the most prominent?
Oblique fibers
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Stillman's cleft
v shaped loss of gingiva. Due to...
dihiscence - ANSWER- loss of alveolar bone
oval shaped root exposure apical to CEJ
Fenestration - ANSWER- a window-like opening in the bone covering the root of a
tooth bordered by alveolar bone on the coronal aspect of the tooth.
Bacteria shape present in early plaque formation - ANSWER- cocci shaped,
aerobic
Bacteria shape in periodontal disease - ANSWER- baccilli, anaerobic
Bacteria shape present in NUG/NUP - ANSWER- spirochetes
periodontal bacteria in health - ANSWER- aerobic, cocci, gram +
Periodontal bacteria in diease - ANSWER- anaerobic, baccilli, gram -
Names of the bacteria that cause periodontal disease - ANSWER- P. Gingivalis
,F. Nucletum
T. Forsythia
A. Actinomycetescomatins
Bacteria responsible for NUG - ANSWER- P. Gingivalis
T. Dentacolo
P. Intermedian
Fusobactrium
Bacteria responsible for caries - ANSWER- S. Mutans
Lactobacillus
S. Sobrinus
What bacteria is most commonly associated with aggressive periodontitis -
ANSWER- A. Actinomycetescomatins
Is plankton plaque adherent or non adherent? - ANSWER- non adherent
how do endotoxins contribute to tissue destruction? - ANSWER- Stimulate
osteoclast
periodontal disease - ANSWER- apical migration of the junctional epithelium
CAL - ANSWER- measures attachment loss
CEJ to base of pocket
What instrument is best to detect a furcation - ANSWER- Nabers Probe
Suprabony pocket - ANSWER- The pocket is located above the level of the bone,
NOT visible on a radiograph.
Infrabony pocket - ANSWER- base of pocket is apical to crest of alveolar bone
Does occlusal trauma cause periodontal disease - ANSWER- No
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis - ANSWER- HSV type 1
usually affects children younger than 6
Inflamed, enlarged marginal gingiva; gingival bleeding
pin point vesicles -> ulcers throughout the mouth and lips w/ sig pain
Malise
low grade fever
,sore throat, lymphadenopathy
doesnt want to drink water
Is a patient with down syndrome at a greater risk for caries - ANSWER- No, but
they are at an increased risk for perio
How to treat NUG/NUP - ANSWER- Tetracycline
Can a periodontal abscess be a result of periodontal debridement - ANSWER- yes
First step of hemodynamic changes - ANSWER- 1. Temporary (transient)
vasoconstriction THEN vasodialation takes place
Hyperemia - ANSWER- excess of blood in an area of the body
Margination - ANSWER- Movement of WBC to periphery vessel wall
Pavementing - ANSWER- WBC line walls of blood vessel
Diapedesis - ANSWER- neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin
phagocytosis
Chemotaxis - ANSWER- cells move to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils (PMNs) - ANSWER- Function in phagocytosis, it is the most common
cell in acute inflammation. It is a key WBC in the development and progression of
disease
WBC associated with chronic inflammation - ANSWER- Macrophage
What biochemical mediator allows cells to leave the blood vessels? - ANSWER-
Interleukins
What biochemical mediator is associated with pain and swelling? - ANSWER-
Prostaglandins
P=Pain
What biochemical mediator causes bronchoconstriction? - ANSWER-
Leukotrienes
L=Lungs
, What are the stages of a periodontal lesion? - ANSWER- Stage I: Initial lesion (2-4
days)
Stage II: Early lesion (4-7 days)
Stage III: Established Lesion (2-3 weeks)
Stage IV: Advanced lesion (3 weeks- years)
In which stage of a periodontal lesion is there no clinical changes? - ANSWER-
Stage I
Gingivitis begins to appear at what stage of a periodontal lesion? - ANSWER-
Stage II, bleeding will occur
What stage of a periodontal lesion is periodontal disease considered to be? -
ANSWER- Stage IV
Gingival edema begins to occur at what stage of a periodontal lesion? - ANSWER-
Stage III
Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER- -Pts at greater risk for xerostomia, caries, and
periodontal disease
-candidiasis
-delayed wound healing
Scurvy - ANSWER- Vitamin C deficiency, it is needed for collagen production and
wound healing
What bacteria is associated with pregnancy gingivitis? - ANSWER- Prevotella
intermedia, campylobacter retus
How does smoking affect the periodontium? - ANSWER- Vasoconstriction
impaired neutrophil response to perio pathogens
oral mucositis - ANSWER- inflammation of oral tissues
often seen in cancer pts
dysgeusia - ANSWER- altered taste
urticaria - ANSWER- hives
emesis - ANSWER- vomiting
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