NURS 251 Final Exam Questions and
Complete Solutions Graded A+
axillae lymph nodes - Answer: central axillary nodes
pectoral
subscapular
lateral
flow is UPWARD
inguinal lymph nodes - Answer: located in the inguinal area of the lower abdomen, can be NORMAL to
palpate isolate node
testicular self exam - Answer: 1x/month, starting @ 13-14 years old, goal of early detection of testicular
cancer
T - Answer: timing, 1x/month
S - Answer: shower, relaxes scrotum
E - Answer: examine, looking for changes in consistency
Testicular Cancer age group - Answer: 15-35 y/o
Breast Self Exam - Answer: BSE, lie down press 3 middle fingers in a circular motion using 3 levels of
pressure, follow an UP & DOWN pattern, hold hand on hips and shrug shoulder to look for surface
changes
Time and place BSE - Answer: 1x/month, BEST after period in shower
Modifiable risk factors for breast cancer - Answer: alcohol use
,decreased physical activity
postmenopausal weight gain
non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer - Answer: 1st degree relative (daughter, sister, mother)
Hormones taken for more than 5 years
h/o early period before 12 y/o
h/o late menopause, after 55 years
prostate - Answer: secretes a fluid rich in fructose, nourishes sperm
lies in front of anterior wall of rectum
normal prostate - Answer: smooth, elastic, rubbery structure with a central sulcus depression
firm - Answer: the prostate should not feel ______
benign prostatic hypertrophy - Answer: present in 80% of men over 60, gland commonly stars to
enlarge during middle adult years and increases with age
prostate cancer - Answer: most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, increased risk with African
ancestry, FMH
menopause - Answer: the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological
changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
bio changes from menopause - Answer: uterus drops, pelvic musculature weakens, cervix shrinks,
vagina becomes shorter, narrower, less elastic, atrophy of breast tissue, decrease in vaginal secretions
components of a health history - Answer: biographic data
reason for seeking care
h/o present illness
, PMH
Family MH
Review of systems
Functional Assessments
biographic data - Answer: name, age, gender, relationship status, ethnic origin, occupation, language
reason for seeking care - Answer: brief description from the patient, symptoms
symptoms - Answer: subjective , sensation that the person feels and reports
signs - Answer: objective data, abnormality collected through physical exam or diagnostic tests
history of present illness - Answer: PQRST
COLDSPA
PQRST - Answer: provocative/palliative, quality, region/radiation, severity, timing
past medical history - Answer: diagnoses, past illness
family history - Answer: genogram, patient risk factors
review of system - Answer: review each system and evaluate health promotion activities
functional assessment - Answer: measures a persons self-care ability in the areas of general physical
health (life style type, living environment, FICA, self-concept, self-esteem, activity, exercise, sleep/rest,
nutrition, coping stress)
subjective data - Answer: what the person says about himself or herself during history taking
(symptoms)