Health and disease in world history Final Exam with complete solutions.
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Medicine
constitutional notion of disease
This viewpoint focuses on the physiological or biological aspects of disease.
ontological notion of disease
emphasizes the broader conceptual, social, and cultural dimensions of illness.
Rene Laennec ()
Invented the stethoscope in 1819
Labora...
Health and disease in world history Final
Exam with complete solutions
constitutional notion of disease - ANSWER- This viewpoint focuses on the
physiological or biological aspects of disease.
ontological notion of disease - ANSWER- emphasizes the broader conceptual,
social, and cultural dimensions of illness.
Rene Laennec (1781-1826) - ANSWER- Invented the stethoscope in 1819
Laboratory revolution - ANSWER- the trend, over the course of the nineteenth
century, for natural philosophers or scientists and physicians to transition their
work from observational field research or clinical practice to a dedicated
laboratory space that emphasized controlled experimentation; the laboratory
revolution went hand in hand with the advent of specialized laboratory tools like
microscopes, Petri dishes, and chemical glassware, and the laboratory quickly
became the center of scientific research.
Justus Von Liebig (1803-1873) - ANSWER- First chemist who looked at fertilizer
chemically
Chemical analysis of manure, figured out need nitrogen, phosphate and
potassium for fertilizer
Germ Theory of Disease - ANSWER- idea that infectious diseases are caused by
microorganisms
Nicholas D. Jewson - ANSWER- medical knowledge is produced within specific
social contexts, influenced by the interests, values, and power dynamics of
various social groups.
, Epidemiological Transition Model - ANSWER- The theory that says that there is a
distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. It can
help explain how a country's population changes so dramatically.
Medicalization - ANSWER- the process by which problems or issues not
traditionally seen as medical come to be framed as such
miasma - ANSWER- a highly unpleasant or unhealthy smell or vapor
public health acts - ANSWER- represent key legislative milestones in the
development of public health policy in the United Kingdom. These acts were
enacted to address the pressing public health issues arising from rapid
urbanization, industrialization, and overcrowding in cities during the 19th
century.
Health Boards, London Medical Department (f. 1854) - ANSWER- These boards
were responsible for overseeing public health matters at the local level in
London. They were empowered to enforce sanitary regulations, implement
measures to improve environmental hygiene, and address issues related to
housing, water supply, and sewage disposal.
Nitrous Oxide - ANSWER- Inhaled anesthetic, less likely to lower blood pressure
than other agents, and has the smallest effect on respiration
Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865) - ANSWER- introduced hand washing to prevent
childbed fever
Joseph Lister (1827-1912) - ANSWER- revolutionized surgery because of his
belief in Pasteur's theory of using carbolic acid as an antiseptic spray; he insisted
that all instruments and physicians' hands be washed with the solution
Theraputic nihilism - ANSWER- Therapeutic nihilism is a philosophical
perspective or medical approach characterized by skepticism or pessimism
regarding the effectiveness of medical interventions, particularly in treating
certain conditions or diseases.
Cholera Bacillus - ANSWER- he causative agent of cholera
Robert Koch (1843-1910) - ANSWER- Established Koch's postulates - a sequence
of experimental steps that verified the germ theory
Identified cause of anthrax, TB, and cholera
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