NGR 6172 TEST 1 Questions & Answers Fall 2024
1. Some drugs can stimulate metabolizing enzymes and speed up their metabolism which
can lower the actual effect of drugs. Which of the following drugs are known as inducing
agents (select all that apply)
a) Atorvastatin
b) Phenytoin
c) Tobacco
d...
1. Some drugs can stimulate metabolizing enzymes and speed up their metabolism which
can lower the actual effect of drugs. Which of the following drugs are known as inducing
agents (select all that apply)
a) Atorvastatin
b) Phenytoin
c) Tobacco
d) St. Johns wort
2. QT prolongation can occur with some drugs and combinations of drugs. Which of the
following increase the risk of QT prolongation and potential dysrhythmias (select all that
apply)
a) Male gender
b) Female gender
c) Hypokalemia
d) Low magnesium
3. Sudden withdrawal of a medication that has been used chronically can create a
hypersensitivity reaction. Which of the following are sensitivity responses that can occur
when the medication is stopped (select all that apply)
a) Abrupt cessation of metoprolol can lead to HTN
b) Abrupt cessation of clonidine can lead to tachycardia
c) Abrupt cessation of clonidine can lead to hypertension
d) Abrupt cessation of metoprolol can lead to tachycardia
4. Match the pharmacodynamic term with the definition:
a) ED50 - The dose that is required to produce a defined therapeutic response in
50% of the population
b) Receptor downregulation - Desensitizing occurs when the receptors of a cell are
continually exposed to an agonist (molecules that activate receptors or drugs that
mimic the body’s response) the cell becomes less responsive
c) Partial agonist or agonist-antagonist - An agonist that has less effect than a full
agonist.
d) Therapeutic index - Ratio of a drug’s LD50 (which is average lethal dose in 50%
on animals tested) to its ED50 (therapeutic dose in 50% of a population)
e) Idiosyncratic response - An uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic
predisposition
f) Bioavailability - The ability of a drug to reach the systemic circulation from its
site of administration
g) Tachyphylaxis - A form of tolerance that can be defined as a reduction in drug
responsiveness brought on by repeated dosing over a short time
,5. Which of the following is true about NPs in Florida:
a) NPs in Florida may apply for independent practice from physicians
b) NPs in Florida can write a prescription for alprazolam
c) Psych NPs in Florida can write prescriptions for Adderall
d) NPs in Florida have physician oversite unless they are granted independent practice
6. Which of the following drug(s) have been identified as having the most
adverse effects? (Choose all that apply) Notice that the selection boxes
come up as squares when there are multiple answers. Partial credit is
given and a deduction in given for answers that are chosen that are
incorrect
a) Insulin
b) Heparin
c) Digoxin
d) Glipizide
e) Lisinopril
7. Choose the true statement regarding trade name medications.
a) Trade name are consistent in other countries
b) Manufacturers of branded products are not allowed to reformulate their
medications
c) "Double medication" with brand products can be devastating
d) Trade names are difficult to pronounce and market to the public
8. The FDA required the makers of Chantix to add warnings of mood
changes. These adverse effects became known after the drug was
released for general use. Which phase of clinical testing did this occur?
a) Preclinical testing
b) Phase 1
c) Phase II
d) Phase IV Post marketing Surveillance
, 9. Which of the following is true regarding OTC drugs? (Choose all the
apply)
a) OTC drugs are safe
b) The average home medicine cabinet contains 24 OTC preparations
c) The FDA determines whether a drug is available by prescription or OTC
d) Lovastatin is available OTC (Check epocrates under manufacturer tab)
10. Match the term with the description of the pharmacokinetic
process:
First-pass -When the liver metabolizes the drug to such an extent that only a
small amount of the active drug emerges from the liver and is available
in the circulation
Half-life- The time for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%
Induction of metabolizing enzymes- When drugs that increase hepatic drug-
metabolizing enzymes accelerate the metabolism of other drugs
Inhibition of metabolizing enzymes- When drugs that prevent the metabolism
of other drugs will increase their levels.
Plateau- When drugs are administered repeatedly, their levels will gradually
rise and then reach a steady state
11. Categorize the drug classes that inhibit and induce metabolizing
enzymes
CategoryInducers of metabolizing enzymes :
Tobacco
St. John's wort
Antiepileptic drugs
CategoryInhibitors of metabolizing enzymes
Antifungals
Grapefruit juice
Clarithromycin
, 12. When two drugs are given at the same time that both utilize the
same metabolizing enzymes, the following occurs (select all that apply)
a) One drug make reach higher than expected levels if it is not
metabolized
b) If drugs such as statins are not metabolized, an increase in drug level
may led to muscle injury
c) One of the drugs that is not metabolized will not reach a therapeutic
level
d) The metabolizing of the drug may be increased resulting in decreased
levels of the drug
13. A patient with diminished kidney function is prescribed a drug
that rises to levels higher than desired. This is an example oft!
a) Pharmacokinetics
b) Pharmacodynamics
c) Pharmacoeconomics
d) Pharmacogenomics
14. Select the true statement regarding absorption of drugs.
a) Liquid preparations are absorbed more rapidly than tablets
b) The stomach has an extremely large surface area
c) Most of the drugs are absorbed in the stomach
d) Lipid soluble drugs are not able to penetrate cell membranes
15. Drugs need to exit the vascular system to reach their target and
be metabolized and excreted. Choose the correct statements regarding
drug movement. (Choose all that apply)
a) Lipid soluble drugs are able to cross the blood brain barrier
b) Ionized, highly polar, or protein bound drugs cross the placental barrier.
c) Warfarin (an anticoagulant) is a drug that is highly bound to protein
(99%).
d) Drugs compete for protein binding sites. If one drug displaces another
from albumin, the free concentration of the displaced drug will rise.
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