100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
samenvatting Brandbeveiliging van gebouwen $6.14   Add to cart

Summary

samenvatting Brandbeveiliging van gebouwen

 12 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

Samenvatting Brandbeveiliging van gebouwen, academiejaar

Preview 6 out of 70  pages

  • September 1, 2024
  • 70
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Samenvatting brandveiligheid in gebouwen

Inhoud
Fire dynamics........................................................................................................................................... 5
What is fire? ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Fire-some basics .................................................................................................................................. 5
Thermodynamics ............................................................................................................................. 7
Heat feedback loop.......................................................................................................................... 7
Free fire plume .................................................................................................................................... 8
Fire development in enclosures .......................................................................................................... 8
Fire development in enclosures – heat ............................................................................................... 8
The ISO curve..................................................................................................................................... 12
Passive fire protection ........................................................................................................................... 13
Material properties............................................................................................................................ 13
Compartmentation: Principle and critxeria ....................................................................................... 17
Compartmentation: Reaction to fire ................................................................................................. 18
Compartmentation: Fire resistance ................................................................................................... 19
Compartmentation: Some Examples ................................................................................................. 20
Eurocodes .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Behaviour of structures ..................................................................................................................... 21
Smoke dynamics .................................................................................................................................... 21
What is smoke? ................................................................................................................................. 21
Free smoke plume ............................................................................................................................. 22
The effect of an enclosure: ceiling ..................................................................................................... 23
The effect of an enclosure: spill plumes ............................................................................................ 24
Other driving forces ........................................................................................................................... 25
Smoke and heat control: natural and mechanical ventilation............................................................... 26
Flows through openings .................................................................................................................... 26
Vertical ventilation (natural/mechanical) .......................................................................................... 27
Horizontal ventilation: tunnels .......................................................................................................... 29
Horizontal ventilation: car parks........................................................................................................ 29
Smoke and heat control: systems .......................................................................................................... 29
Compartmentation ............................................................................................................................ 29
Pressurization/de-pressurization....................................................................................................... 29
Positive pressure ventilation ............................................................................................................. 31
Smoke dilution ................................................................................................................................... 31



1

, Natural ventilation ............................................................................................................................. 31
Mechanical ventilation ...................................................................................................................... 32
Smoke filling ...................................................................................................................................... 32
Smoke extraction ............................................................................................................................... 33
Air curtains ........................................................................................................................................ 33
Water curtains ................................................................................................................................... 33
Fire suppression..................................................................................................................................... 34
The effect of water ............................................................................................................................ 34
Sprinklers ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Water mist ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Other suppression agents.................................................................................................................. 35
Firefighting......................................................................................................................................... 35
Fire Safety Strategy ................................................................................................................................ 35
Wat willen we bereiken? ................................................................................................................... 35
Hoe krijgen we een ‘brandveilig’ gebouw? ....................................................................................... 35
Waar past de brandveiligheidsstrategie in het ontwerpproces?....................................................... 36
Verantwoording BVS .......................................................................................................................... 36
Fire (Safety) Engineering ................................................................................................................... 37
Bijzonder onderwerpen ..................................................................................................................... 37
Human Behaviour .................................................................................................................................. 37
General .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Evacuation analysis ............................................................................................................................ 38
Design of evacuation ......................................................................................................................... 39
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 40
Regelgeving in België ............................................................................................................................. 40
Wat is recht? ...................................................................................................................................... 40
Overheden ......................................................................................................................................... 40
Bevoegdheden................................................................................................................................... 41
Vormen .............................................................................................................................................. 41
Bekendmaking ................................................................................................................................... 41
Hiërarchie .......................................................................................................................................... 41
Koninklijk Besluit – punt 1: inplanting en toegangswegen ............................................................ 42
Reactie bij brand van gevels .......................................................................................................... 42
Koninklijk Besluit – punt 3 ............................................................................................................. 43
Compartimentering en evacuatie .................................................................................................. 44
Indeling industriegebouwen in klassen ......................................................................................... 46


2

, Evacuatie (ASET>RSET) .................................................................................................................. 46
Fire Detection systems .......................................................................................................................... 50
CE CPR................................................................................................................................................ 50
EN 54 ................................................................................................................................................. 50
NBN S21-100...................................................................................................................................... 50
Fire departement............................................................................................................................... 50
Client safety policy............................................................................................................................. 50
Insurance ........................................................................................................................................... 50
Legislation.......................................................................................................................................... 51
Elements of a fire detection system .................................................................................................. 51
Fire supression....................................................................................................................................... 55
Extinguishing fire ............................................................................................................................... 55
Classification of fire ........................................................................................................................... 55
Start of extinguishing......................................................................................................................... 56
Clean agents = gasblussing ................................................................................................................ 56
Inerte gassen ................................................................................................................................. 57
CO2 ................................................................................................................................................. 58
Halocarbonen ................................................................................................................................ 58
Sprinklers and watermist system....................................................................................................... 59
Sprinkler systeem .......................................................................................................................... 59
Watermist ...................................................................................................................................... 61
Foam and powder systems ................................................................................................................ 62
Wanneer gebruiken we foam? ...................................................................................................... 62
Poeder ........................................................................................................................................... 62
Condensed aerosol extinguishing systems .................................................................................... 62
Fire resistance & structural fire engineering ......................................................................................... 63
Nominale branden ............................................................................................................................. 63
Brandweerstand ................................................................................................................................ 63
Performantie van structuren bij brand .............................................................................................. 63
Risico’s en oppurtuniteiten................................................................................................................ 66
Firefighting tactics ................................................................................................................................. 66
Belgian fire service ............................................................................................................................ 66
The sequence of events ..................................................................................................................... 66
Case study: cherry road ..................................................................................................................... 67
First rule of thumb ............................................................................................................................. 67
Tactical options .................................................................................................................................. 67


3

,4

,Fire dynamics
What is fire?
Necessary ingredients: fire triangle

• Oxidizer
o Zuurstof uit de lucht (concentratie = 21%)
• Heat
o Aansteking nodig, daarna heat flux van vlammen
o Vlamtemperatuur: 1000°C
• Fuel
o Alles dat brandbaar is
o Belangrijke binding met oxidizer
o Belangrijke binding met heat




Fire-some basics
• Verbranding: chemische reactie tussen brandbare soorten en zuurstof
o Meer afhankelijk van samenstelling en verdeling brandstof
o Verdeling brandstof: dikke balk vs tandenstokers
▪ Tandenstokers branden makkelijker door groter/meer oppervlak
o Explosieveiligheid: laagje poeder <-> poederwolk
• Brandstof: alles dat brandt (gas tot vaste stoffen)
• Vlam = gas fenomeen
o Verbranding vaste stoffen en vloeistoffen => omzetting naar gas
o Vloeistof: verdamping aan oppervlak
o Vaste stoffen: chemische ontbinding aan oppervlak = pyrolyse
▪ Mening: = soort van verdamping
▪ Pyrolyse warmte = warmte nodig om brand door te laten gaan
• Verdamping/pyrolyse = endotherm proces => 𝐿𝑣
o Latente verdampingswarmte/pyrolyse warmte = hoeveelheid energie nodig om 1kg
brandstof te pyrolyseren/verdampen (J/kg, kJ/kg, MJ/kg)
o Waar komt die vandaan?
▪ Free fire plume: vlammen
▪ Enclosed fire: vlammen, rooklaag, muur, plafond, andere objecten

Processen

• Fuel surface geeft warmte 𝑚̇∆𝐻𝑐 vrij naar



5

, o Vlam
o Omgeving
• Vlam geeft warmte terug door straling en convectie
• Fuel surface heeft vermogen 𝑚̇𝐿𝑣 om te pyrolyseren
• 𝑚̇∆𝐻𝑐 ≫ 𝑚̇𝐿𝑣 : brand groeit
• 𝑚̇∆𝐻𝑐 < 𝑚̇𝐿𝑣 : brand dooft uit
• 𝑚̇∆𝐻𝑐 = 𝑚̇𝐿𝑣 : steady state
• Air entrainment: aanzuigen & vermengen van zuurstof en brandbare gassen
o Ontstaan onderdruk aan onderzijde vlam (hogere temp -> lagere massadichtheid ->
gas stijgt -> zuiger effect -> onderdruk) => trekt zuurstof aan




Notaties

• 𝑚"̇: mass flow rate per unit area (kg/m²s)
• 𝑄"̇ 𝐹 : heat flux from flames per unit area (W/m²)
• 𝑄"̇ 𝐿 : heat losses per unit area (W/m²)
• 𝑚̇: mass flow rate (kg/s) (=𝑚”̇ ∗ 𝐴𝐹
• ∆𝐻𝑐 : heat of combustion (J/kg)

Flammability, ontvlambaarheid

• Fuel + Oxidizer -> Products
• Stoichiometrische omstandigheden: net genoeg oxidizer om alles te verbranden -> maximale
temperatuur
• Fuel lean: over-geventileerd, ‘brandstof-gecontroleerd’
o Lower flammability limit: onvoldoende brandstof om brand in gang te houden
o Vlammen zullen afkoelen door te veel aan zuurstof
• Fuel rich: onder-geventileerd, ‘ventilatie-gecontroleerd’
o Upper flammability limit: onvoldoende zuurstof om brand in gang te houden




6

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Ikrik. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $6.14. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

78998 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$6.14
  • (0)
  Add to cart