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CMSRN Exam Questions and Answers
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CMSRN Exam Questions and Answers
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CMSRN Exam Questions and Answerswhat type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and
leads to decreased serum sodium concentration? - Answer -dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - Answer -edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - Answer -fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - Answer -true
hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia - Answer -dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension,
tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia - Answer -replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia - Answer -burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without
loss of sodium? - Answer -hypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia - Answer -fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia - Answer -dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia,
oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia - Answer -decrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with? - Answer -chloride - works to maintain
acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - Answer -renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - Answer -PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia - Answer -cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium
sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia - Answer -irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive
bowels, bladder
,treatment of hyperkalemia - Answer -limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV
glucose and insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? -
Answer -hyperkalemia
what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - Answer -potassium
causes of hypokalemia - Answer -vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction,
burns, potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia - Answer -muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia - Answer -potassium supplements, monitor magnesium
levels
normal calcium level - Answer -9-10.5
where is calcium stored? - Answer -bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - Answer -Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - Answer -phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - Answer -hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia - Answer -cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive
vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia - Answer -sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia - Answer -decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics,
phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia - Answer -decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased
phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
symptoms of hypocalcemia - Answer -chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia - Answer -increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
, sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? -
Answer -chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - Answer -
trousseaus sign
normal level of phosphate - Answer -3-4.5
symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance are opposite of calcium since it has an inverse
relationship - Answer -phosphate
Normal level of magnesium - Answer -1.3-2.1
Normal level of sodium - Answer -135-145
normal level of potassium - Answer -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
symptoms of hypermagnesemia - Answer -poor renal excretion, muscular depression
symptoms of hypomagnesemia - Answer -Hyperactive deep tissue reflexes, tremors,
seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, confusion (resembles hypocalcemia)
treatment for hypermagnesemia - Answer -calcium gluconate
what is serum osmolality? - Answer -how thick solution is
what does it mean if serum osmolality is high? - Answer -the patient is dry
what type of solution is NS, LR? - Answer -isotonic
what does an isotonic solution do? - Answer -expands blood volume
increases blood pressure if dehydrated
has same osmolarity as our cells
can cause electrolyte increase
what type of solution is D5LR, D5NS? - Answer -hypertonic
what does a hypertonic solution do? - Answer -Pulls fluid into the intravascular space
from tissue, do NOT give if dehydrated
what type of solution is 1/2 NS, 1/4 NS? - Answer -hypotonic
what does a hypotonic solution do? - Answer -contain less solute than our cells
used for cellular hydration
has more water than electrolytes
given after surgery due to dehydration
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