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MHA 707 Exam D
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MHA 707 Exam Da cottage industry
Engaged in by physicians and their assistants, largely students (apprentices)
- -At the beginning of the 20th century, health care in the United States was
predominantly:
-When the 20th century opened: - --Doctors were mostly solo practitioners
-Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit
-History of Incremental Change: 1900-2010 - -Long-term care for the elderly
was largely home-based
Pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was small business
Health care was a minor part of the economy
-1847- 19th century - -Founding of the American Medical Association (AMA)
-Founding of the American Medical Association (AMA) - -Established
standards for preliminary medical education for the degree of MD
Code of medical ethics
Recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery and obstetrics
Noted the dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) and patent medicines
Recommended that state governments register births, marriages, and
deaths
-(snake oil) - -oted the dangers of secret remedies (_____) and patent
medicines
--Improvements in surgery made during the Civil War (first conflict in which
the Army dug toilets downstream from army's campsite)
-Application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as
Louis Pasteur Affected the physician's ability to control infectious diseases -
the leading causes of death at that time - -Advances that made practice of
medicine more successful in treating health problems
-Improvements in surgery made during the Civil War - -first conflict in which
the Army dug toilets downstream from army's campsite)
-Application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as
Louis Pasteur - -Affected the physician's ability to control infectious diseases
- the leading causes of death at that time
-Demand for therapeutics fueled by the Civil War - -Provided the start for
some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry: Wyeth,
Pfizer, and Squibb
, -Wyeth, Pfizer, and Squibb - -Provided the start for some of the largest
names in the modern pharmaceutical industry:
-Founding of the U.S. Nursing Corps - -________in 1861 and the idea of
professional nursing and its importance to medical care
-Development of the Ambulance Corps during the Civil War - -Created
ambulance-to-emergency room system we know today
Established hierarchy of treatment stations to types of hospital facilities
-1899 - -Founding of Association of Hospital Superintendents in_____
Became the American Hospital Association (AHA)
-Adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death in 1900 - -
Predecessor of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
Brought some standards and criteria in the study of diseases
-19th Century developments - --Began to professionalize health care
workforce working in specialized institutions to deliver health care services
-Health care research sector that advances diagnosis and treatment
-Industry that provides health care supplies and therapeutics
-Began a classification and data-collection system to evaluate health care
performance
-Medical "tool box" - --Vaccines and antitoxins, which prevented childhood
illnesses
-Medicines, such as insulin, which saved and extended life
-Surgery, which could cure dozens of conditions, aided by effective
anesthesia and the protection of aseptic techniques
--Increased
-access - -With medicine's improved ability to cure disease and treat chronic
conditions, the demand for care _________, as did its cost
In response, a major focus of health policy since the early 20th century has
been assuring _______to health care
-Providing health care coverage
Building the American health care infrastructure - -Both public and private
sectors were involved in:
1)____
2)____
-insufficient to luxurious - -As a result, health care access varied for people
in different groups
Ranging from ____ to ____
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