EXAM 4:Maryville NURS 611; Questions with Complete Solutions
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Course
NUR 611
Institution
NUR 611
EXAM 4:Maryville NURS 611; Questions with
Complete Solutions
How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys require? CORRECT ANS-20-25%
What causes the umbilical referred pain with kidney stones? CORRECT ANS-sensory
innervation of the upper part of the ureter arising from the 10th thoracic ner...
EXAM 4: Maryville NURS 611; Questions with
Complete Solutions
How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys require? CORRECT ANS-20-25%
What causes the umbilical referred pain with kidney stones? CORRECT ANS-sensory
innervation of the upper part of the ureter arising from the 10th thoracic nerve root.
What are the clinical manifestations of a UTI in older adults? CORRECT ANS-confusion and
poorly localized abdominal discomfort (symptoms are vague).
What is pyelonephritis? CORRECT ANS-it is an infection of one or both upper urinary
tracts(ureter, renal pelvis, and kidney interstitium).
What are the underlying risk factors for the development of pyelonephritis? CORRECT
ANS-urinary obstruction and reflux of urine from the bladder (vesicoureteral reflux).
What microorganisms are associated with acute pyelonephritis? CORRECT ANS-e. coli,
proteus, or pseudomonas.
, EXAM 4: Maryville NURS 611; Questions with
Complete Solutions
What do the microorganisms that cause pyelonephritis do to increase the risk of stone
formation? CORRECT ANS-the microorganisms split urea into ammonia, making alkaline
urine that increases the risk.
Define painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis). CORRECT ANS-it is a condition that
includes nonbacterial infectious cystitis and noninfectious cystitis.
It is possible that noninfectious cystitis is caused by an autoimmune response. What happens
during an autoimmune reaction? CORRECT ANS-it may be responsible for inflammatory
response, which includes mast cell activation, altered epithelial permeability,
neuroinflammation, and increased sensory nerve stimulation.
How is a diagnosis of IC differentiated from a diagnosis of pyelonephritis? CORRECT ANS-
urine culture, urinalysis, and clinical signs and symptoms. White blood cell casts indicate
pyelonephritis, but they are not always present in the urine.
, EXAM 4: Maryville NURS 611; Questions with
Complete Solutions
What lab values point to a reduced GFR? CORRECT ANS-elevated plasma urea, creatinine
concentration, or reduced renal creatinine clearance.
What is acute glomerulonephritis? CORRECT ANS-it is a term that includes renal diseases
that cause glomerular inflammation through immune mechanisms.
What happens to the GFR during an inflammatory response? CORRECT ANS-the glomerular
capillary filtration membrane including the endothelium, basement membrane, and
epithelium (podocytes) are damaged by inflammation causing immune mechanisms.
What are the classic symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis? CORRECT ANS-sudden onset
of hematuria including red blood cell casts and proteinuria (milder than nephrotic syndrome),
and in more severe cases, these symptoms are also accompanied by edema, hypertension,
and impaired renal function.
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