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2024 NR 511 FINAL EXAM WITH ANSWERS
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2024 NR 511 FINAL EXAM WITH ANSWERS
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2024 NR 511 FINAL EXAM WITHANSWERS
What is a sprain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSstretching or tearing of ligaments,
occur when joint is forced beyond its normal limits
What is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)? - CORRECT-ANSWERSInvolves
abnormal growth of the lymphocyte precursors (lymphoblasts) baby WBC's
-increasing in WBC over riding RBC's
What is the main tx with all ALL? - CORRECT-ANSWERSchemotherapy
what are the phases that chemo is given in for ALL? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSinduction, consolidation, maintenance
how long is tx for ALL? - CORRECT-ANSWERSUsually 2-3 years, most intense
during the first few months
What is the induction phase of chemo? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe first phase,
goal is for remission
-remission means leukemia cells no longer found in the bone marrow
-prolonged, intense, frequent hospital stays
What percentage of children enter remission after one month of induction? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS95%
What is a first degree sprain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSstretching of ligamentous
fibers
what is a second degree sprain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSpartial tear of part of
the ligament with pain and swelling
what is a a third degree sprain? - CORRECT-ANSWERScomplete tear of
ligament
What diagnostic testing should be completed with a sprain? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSxray to r/o fx
what are s/s of a sprain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSacute pain and swelling after a
sudden injury. Usually gets worse over a few hours with redness, swelling
and bruising.
,what occurs to active and passive ROM with a sprain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSit
is usually decreased
what is a strain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSa muscle injury, caused by excessive
tensile stress placed on a muscle. Results in stiffness and decreased function
what occurs with severe strains? - CORRECT-ANSWERSeffects muscle or
tendon that connects muscle to a bone. causes inflammation, swelling,
weakness and loss of function, may need surgery
How do you manage sprains/strains? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPRICE- protect,
rest, ice, compression, elevation
limit activity, PT, NSAIDS, referral to ortho
What is a dislocation? - CORRECT-ANSWERScomplete separation of two bone
that form a joint
what are s/s of dislocation? - CORRECT-ANSWERSvery painful, cause
immobility, needs immediate medical attention
what is the tx for dislocation? - CORRECT-ANSWERSreferral to ortho for
possible surgery or reduction, with application of cast or splint
what are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - CORRECT-ANSWERSswelling,
erythema, warmth, pain
what is cervical spondylosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSneck stiffness, mild aching
discomfort with activity
what are s/s of cervical spondylosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPain and limited
ROM occurs with lateral rotation and lateral flexion of the neck toward the
affected side. Weakness shoulder abduction-C5, bicep weakness-C6, triceps
weakness-C7, myelopathy leg weakness
what cervical disc would be associated with weakness on shoulder
abduction? - CORRECT-ANSWERSC5
what cervical disc would be associated with bicep weakness? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSC6
what cervical disc would be associated with tricep weakness? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSC7
, what would leg weakness, gait disturbance, balance problems, difficulty
performing motor tasks and loss of bowel and bladder indicate? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSmyelopathy
What is the treatment for cervical spondylosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERScervical
traction, PT, pain relievers,
what is the treatment for myelopathy? - CORRECT-ANSWERSsurgery
what is a test for low back pain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSstraight leg test
what is the treatment for low back pain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSNSAIDS,
muscle relaxants, opioids, surgery, self-care, spinal manipulation
what is the straight leg test? - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. place pt. in supine
position
2. grasp heel of leg being tested and raise leg by flexing hip
3. asses for pain or reproduction of sx before end of normal ROM (70 *)
What is stenosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-pseudo claudication causing
radicular pain in the calves, buttocks, upper thighs of one or both legs
how do sx progress in stenosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSproximal to distal
direction
what aggravates and relieves pain in stenosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSwalking
or prolonged standing causes pain and weakness in buttocks and legs
stooping over helps relieve pain
What test can be done to assess for stenosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Romberg test-have pt. stand with arms next to body or crossed in front of
body, have pt. close eyes and see if pt. able to maintain his balance
-reflexes diminished
-with bowel and bladder sx, sphincter tone may be decreased
how do you treat stenosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSsurgical decompression,
NSAIDS, folic acid, vitamin B12, PT flexing the spine, bicycling
-weight loss especially intra-abdominal helpful
-exercise on all fours, arching the back, fetal position
what exercises should be avoided with stenosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSones
which extend the spin (swayback)
How do you treat cauda equina syndrome? - CORRECT-ANSWERSmedical
emergency! Should go to ER, surgical lumbar decompression is necessary
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