Exam (elaborations)
Sociology Exam 1: Chapters 1-3
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Sociology Exam 1: Chapters 1-3
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Sociology Exam 1: Chapters 1-3sociology - -the scientific study of social interactions and social organization
-sociological imagination - -the ability to see our private experiences,
personal difficulties, and chaievemest as a reflection of the atructural
arrangements of society and teh times in which we live
-microsociology - -the study of what people say and do moment by moment
as they live their daily lives
-macrosociology - -large-scale and long term social processes of
organizations, institutions, and broad social patterns
-social statics - -aspects of social life that have to do with order, stability,
and social organization that allow societies and groups to hold together and
endure.
-social dynamics - -the processes of social life that pattern institutional
development and have to do with social change
-social Darwinism - -the concept of survival of the fittest, but in a social
context, "fit" patterns of activity survive
-class conflict - -the view that society is divided into those who own the
means of producing wealth and those who do not, giving rise to struggle
-dialectical materialism - -the motion in Marxist theory that development
depends on the clash of contradictions and the creation of more advanced
structures out of these clashes
-archival research - -the use of existing records that have been produced or
maintained by persons other than the researcher
-constructed reality - -each persons experience of the world, derived from
the interaction that takes place among people in the course of their lives
-control group - -group that affords a neutral standard against which the
changes in an experimental group can be measured
-correlation - -a change in one variable associated with a change in another
variable
-dependent variable - -the variable affected in the experiment
, -dialectical materialism - -theory that development depends ont eh clash of
contradictions and the creation of new, more advanced structures out of
these clashes
-dysfunctions - -consequences that lessen the adaptation or adjustment of a
system
-economic determinist - -a believer in teh doctrine that economic factors
are the primary determinants of the structure of societies and social change
-experiment - -researchers work with two groups that are identical, apply a
change to one and see the effects of dependent and independent variables
-experimental group - -group in which researchers introduce a change in an
experimental setting
-functions - -observed consequences that permit the adaptation or
adjustment of a system
-hypothesis - -a proposition that can be tested to determine its validity
-independent variable - -variable that causes an effect in an experimental
setting
-latent functions - -consequences that are neither intended nor recognized
by the participants in a system
-manifest functions - -consequences that are intended and recognized by
the participants in a system
-operational definition - -a definition developed by taking abstract concepts
and putting them in a form that permits their measure
-participant observation - -researchers engage in activities with the people
that they are observing
-power - -the ability to control the behavior of others, even against their will
-random sample - -researchers select subjects based on change so every
person in population has same change of being chosen
-secondary data analysis - -analysis of data collected by others
-social facts - -aspects of social lives that connot be explained in terms of
biological or mental characteristics of the individual
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