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FINAL EXAM REVIEW NURS 6531 DECK 1| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FINAL EXAM REVIEW NURS 6531 DECK 1| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FINAL EXAM REVIEW NURS 6531 DECK 1|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia,
concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental
status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - diluted with low osmolality and
hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes out and
assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or biofilm
from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be
exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - hypertension, truncal obesity, osteoporosis,
skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper arm
with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign? - A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial nerve
below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
, What is Babinski's sign? - An upward response (extension) of the hallux when the sole
of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord disease in
adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed. Usually
indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - Urinalysis: Specific
gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular basement
membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - Hospitalization, pulse dose of steroids,
begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral show,
proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - Proteus mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - "Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - peaked T-waves, wide
QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an
MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis? - Heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - Diabetes
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