MICR 270 Exam Study Guide with Questions and 100% Verified Answers
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Course
MICR 270
Institution
MICR 270
MICR 270 Exam Study Guide with Questions and
100% Verified Answers
Killed-inactivated vaccine - Answer o Contains a strain of the pathogen that has been
inactivated by heat, chemicals, or radiation and has the ability to generate an immune
response but cannot replicate.
o Examples: rabies vacc...
MICR 270 Exam Study Guide with Questions and
100% Verified Answers
Killed-inactivated vaccine - Answer o Contains a strain of the pathogen that has been
inactivated by heat, chemicals, or radiation and has the ability to generate an immune
response but cannot replicate.
o Examples: rabies vaccine and flu vaccine.
o Advantages: safer option as it cannot mutate back to a virulent form and easier to
store and transport.
o Disadvantages: requires multiple booster doses to maintain immunity and must be
administered by injection.
Toxoid vaccine - Answer o Contains an inactivated toxin which is a product from the
pathogen that is causing the disease.
o Examples: tetanus vaccine and diptheria vaccine
o Advantages: safe as it is not a living organism that can divide or spread or revert and it
is more stable as it is less susceptible to changes in temperature, humidity, and light.
o Disadvantages: may require several doses and usually needs an adjuvant (substance
that enhances body's immune response).
Subunit vaccine - Answer o Contains a small part or fragment of the disease-causing
agent.
o Example: hep B vaxx
o Advantages: safest type of vaccine which can be used on everyone such as
immunocompromised people and pregnant people.
o Disadvantages: rarely successful at inducing long-lasting immunity which means it will
require multiple booster doses to maintain immunity and may need to conjugated to a
carrier (stronger antigen than desired antigen).
, mRNA vaccine - Answer o Most recent vaccine type that has changed vaccinology.
o Known for SARS-CoV-2.
o Principle of assay relies on the use of mRNA to produce viral proteins and recruit
immune cells to respond to the antigenic target. Proteins are then displayed on the
surface of an APC to induce B-cells and T-cell immunity.
Virus Like Particle Vaccine (HPV) - Answer o Composed of the structural proteins of HPV
which can self assemble into particles that resemble the nature virus both structurally
and immunologically.
o Since they do not have viral DNA, they are not infectious.
Ebola Vaccine - Answer made from glycoproteins and a live attenuated recombinant
vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV(, that expresses the transmembrane glycoproteins of
EBOV and MARV.
Polymerase Inhibitor - Answer o An enzyme that plays a central role in viral replication
and transcription.
o Ex: Molnupiravir used to treat COVID-19 by increasing the frequency of viral RNA
mutations and impairs replication of virus.
Protease Inhibitor - Answer o Proteases cut proteins into smaller, more workable pieces.
o Often administered in combination. Ex: nirmatrelvir stops protease from cutting viral
proteins into functional pieces. Ritonavir protects nirmatrelvir from destruction by the
body and allows it to keep working. Since these drugs disrupt the assembly of the virus,
they can't replicate and infect other cells.
Neuraminidase Antigen (NA) - Answer a surface protein that removes sialic acid from
cell surfaces, and enables new viral copies to infect and spread to other cells.
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