I have summarized the articles of: Pos, Greenberg, van Genderen, Arntz, Safran, Lebow, Borsboom, Rijnders (2x), van den Hout, Landin-Romero. Chapters by Jim van Os come separately at Stuvia!!
psychology psychology uva university of amsterdam clinical clinical third bachelor year dsm dsm 5 dsm v psychotherapy course subjects psychotherapy partexam two second summary articles literature
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Hoi iedereen,
Allereerst bedankt voor het kopen van mijn samenvatting!
Deze samenvatting heb ik geschreven op basis van mijn interpretatie. Ik
raad je dan ook aan om zelf de artikelen te lezen, en deze samenvatting
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te geven op Stuvia. Laat ook vooral een reactie achter als je dat wilt!
Tot slot wil ik benoemen dat de hoofdstukken van De DSM Voorbij van
Jim van Os niet in deze samenvatting staan. Ik ben nog niet helemaal
klaar met het samenvatten ervan, en deze zullen in een aparte
samenvatting binnenkort op Stuvia verschijnen.
Heel veel succes met leren!
1
,Inhoud:
Emotional processing during experiential treatment of depression p. 3
- Alberta Pos
Emotion-focused therapy p. 5
- L. S. Greenberg
Theoretisch model: schema’s, coping strategieën en modi p. 10
- Van Genderen
Schema therapy p. 13
- Arnoud Arntz
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies p. 17
- Jeremy D. Safran
Research on the treatment of couple distress p. 26
- Jay L. Lebow
Psychometric Perspectives on Diagnostic Systems p. 32
- Denny Borsboom
Het KOP-model: een manier van denken, kijken en werken p. 36
- Paul Rijnders
A guided self-help intervention in primacy care to improve p. 44
coping and mental health
- Paul Rijnders
How does EMDR work? p. 47
- Marcel A van den Hout
How does EMDR therapy work? p. 51
- Ramon Landin-Romero
2
,Emotional processing during experiential treatment of depression
Alberta Pos, 2004
Introduction
Some agreement is occurring across approaches on the processes that are relevant to
success in psychotherapy. It is now generally held that affect and cognition are highly
integrated in automatically functioning cognitive-affective structures and that these
structures are important targets of treatment. Emotion is a rapid-action meaning system
that informs individuals of the significance of events to their well-being. Emotional
processing was first defined by Rachman as the decline of problematic and subjectively
experiences fear states, which occurs through repeated exposure to those fear states.
Experiential approaches traditionally have defined emotional processing in a broader
sense, viewing emotion not solely as problematic but also as a source of adaptive
information.
First, clients must approach emotion by attending to emotional experience.
Second, clients must allow and tolerate being in live contact with their emotions.
From the experiential-humanistic perspective, depression results, in part, from
incomplete processing of emotional experience.
First, providing both an empathic, validating relationship and a collaborative
alliance creates the safe environment in which clients can experience their
emotions.
Second, engaging in evocative, explorative, and meaning-making reflections, as
well as emotionally stimulating tasks, gives clients deeper and immediate contact
with emotions and helps clients make sense of them.
By definition, emotion occurs in situations most important to an individual’s needs and
concerns. An EE is a segment of psychotherapy in which a client speaks about having
experienced emotion in response to a situation, real or imagined.
The primary purpose of this study was to test the prediction that deeper emotional
processing, measured as EXP during EE, occurs as the result of experiential treatment
and that levels of emotional processing achieved toward the end of therapy better
predict outcome that does any early capacity for emotional processing clients may have
when they enter treatment. A secondary goal was to maximize focus on clinically
important content by using a “second-order” contextualization of EEs. A final goal of this
investigation was to explore the relative independent contributions to outcome of the
early working alliance end emotional-processing variables. However, measures of the
working alliance and emotional processing potentially overlap.
There is already evidence that a good working alliance may be necessary for clients’
emotional arousal and experience in therapy to be productive.
Discussion
Depth of emotional processing predicted both decreases in symptomology and increases
in self-esteem but not improvement in interpersonal problems.
Emotional processing and outcome
Clients entered therapy with different capacities for emotional processing that predicted
later reports of decreased symptoms and increased self-esteem. Clearly, coming into
experiential treatment with the propensity for emotional processing appears
3
, advantageous. Emotional processing was not stable, but significantly deepened as the
result of experiential treatment. These results suggest that early emotional processing is
mediated by late emotional processing. Although likely an advantage, early emotional
processing skill appears not as critical as the ability to acquire and/or increase depth of
emotional processing throughout therapy. If deepening emotional processing enhances
improvement, then it becomes important to identify the interventions that help clients
process their emotions.
Emotional processing, the early alliance, and outcome
The greater shared variance between the early alliance and early emotional processing
may have resulted partly because they were measured closer in time. One possible
explanation is that therapists may build better alliances with clients who, at the onset of
therapy, are more adept at emotional processing. Alternatively, some clients may take
longer to build an alliance.
To be on-theme or not to be on-theme? There are some questions
First, emotion alone may point to important content, so ignoring emotion in any context
may exclude therapeutically important material. Superficial emotional processing may
increase the tendency to be off-track. Being off-track from core concerns may also
reinforce the tendency to process emotion more superficially.
Emotional processing: change process or coincidence?
Emotional processing will need to be explored in a more differentiated manner so that
the importance of particular stages of emotional processing to deeper stages and to
outcome can be established more clearly. Another issue that remains to be empirically
resolved is the causal relationship between emotional processing and outcome.
4
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