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Instructions: Read each passage carefully and answer the multiple-choice questions that follow.
Choose the best answer from the options provided.
Passage 1:
The ancient city of Petra, carved into the sandstone cliffs of Jordan, is a testament to the ingenuity
and artistry of the Nabataean people. Their civilization flourished from the 4th century BCE to the
1st century CE, leaving behind a legacy of impressive architecture, intricate water management
systems, and a vibrant cultural heritage. Petra's most iconic landmark, the Treasury, is a
magnificent facade sculpted into the rock face, adorned with elaborate carvings and intricate
details. The Nabataeans were skilled traders, controlling the lucrative spice route that connected
the East to the West. Their mastery of water management allowed them to thrive in a harsh desert
environment, building elaborate aqueducts and cisterns to collect and store precious rainwater.
The city's strategic location, nestled within a narrow gorge, provided natural protection from
invaders, contributing to its prosperity for centuries. However, the Nabataeans eventually faced
decline, succumbing to a combination of factors, including earthquakes, drought, and the rise of
the Roman Empire. Despite their disappearance, Petra's legacy continues to inspire awe and
wonder, captivating visitors from around the world.
Questions 1-5:
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
a) The history of the Nabataean people and their city of Petra
b) The architectural marvels of Petra
c) The decline of the Nabataean civilization
d) The role of trade in the Nabataean economy
2. What is the most iconic landmark of Petra?
a) The Treasury
b) The Monastery
c) The Siq
d) The Roman Amphitheater
3. What skill allowed the Nabataeans to thrive in a desert environment?
a) Their military prowess
b) Their mastery of water management
c) Their artistic talent
d) Their ability to trade spices
4. What contributed to the decline of the Nabataean civilization?
a) Internal conflicts
b) A lack of resources
c) The rise of the Roman Empire
d) All of the above
5. What is the significance of Petra's legacy?
a) It is a reminder of the power of the Roman Empire
b) It showcases the ingenuity and resilience of the Nabataean people
c) It provides insights into the history of trade in the ancient world
d) Both b and c
, Passage 2:
The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has captured the imagination of scientists, engineers, and
the public alike. AI refers to the ability of machines to perform tasks that typically require human
intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. Machine learning, a key
component of AI, involves training algorithms on vast datasets to identify patterns and make
predictions. AI has the potential to revolutionize numerous industries, from healthcare and
transportation to finance and manufacturing. For example, AI-powered diagnostic tools can assist
doctors in identifying diseases earlier and more accurately. Self-driving cars, powered by AI,
promise to improve road safety and reduce traffic congestion. However, the development and
deployment of AI also raise ethical concerns, including potential job displacement, bias in
algorithms, and the misuse of AI for malicious purposes. As AI technology continues to advance, it
is crucial to address these concerns and ensure that AI is developed and used responsibly.
Questions 6-10:
6. What is the definition of artificial intelligence (AI)?
a) The ability of machines to think like humans
b) The ability of machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence
c) The ability of machines to learn from experience
d) The ability of machines to create new ideas
7. What is machine learning?
a) A type of AI that involves training algorithms on datasets
b) A type of software that can learn from experience
c) A type of computer program that can make decisions
d) All of the above
8. How can AI revolutionize the healthcare industry?
a) By providing personalized treatment plans
b) By assisting doctors in diagnosing diseases
c) By developing new drugs and therapies
d) All of the above
9. What are some ethical concerns related to AI?
a) Job displacement
b) Bias in algorithms
c) The misuse of AI for malicious purposes
d) All of the above
10. What is the importance of addressing ethical concerns related to AI?
a) To ensure that AI is developed and used responsibly
b) To prevent the misuse of AI for harmful purposes
c) To promote transparency and accountability in AI development
d) All of the above
Passage 3:
The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth," is a vital ecosystem that plays
a crucial role in regulating global climate. Home to an astonishing biodiversity, the Amazon is a
treasure trove of plant and animal life, with countless species yet to be discovered. The rainforest's
dense canopy absorbs vast amounts of carbon dioxide, mitigating the effects of climate change.
The Amazon also provides essential ecosystem services, such as water purification, soil fertility,
and flood control. However, the Amazon rainforest is facing unprecedented threats, including
deforestation, mining, and agricultural expansion. These activities are destroying the rainforest at
an alarming rate, leading to habitat loss, biodiversity decline, and increased carbon emissions. The
consequences of deforestation are far-reaching, impacting not only the Amazon region but also
the entire planet. Urgent action is needed to protect this vital ecosystem and ensure its survival for
future generations.
Questions 11-15:
11. What is the significance of the Amazon rainforest?
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