100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
NUR 311 Exam 2 Questions and Complete Answers $9.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

NUR 311 Exam 2 Questions and Complete Answers

 8 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • NUR 311
  • Institution
  • NUR 311

List and explain the 4 defensive factors which protect the stomach and duodenum from self-digestion. Mucus - forms a barrier to protect underlying cells from gastric acid and pepsin. Bicarbonate - neutralizes any acid which penetrates the mucus. Blood flow - maintains integrity or health of the muc...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 12  pages

  • September 2, 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 311
  • NUR 311
avatar-seller
twishfrancis
NUR 311 Exam 2 Questions and
Complete Answers
List and explain the 4 defensive factors which protect the stomach and duodenum from
self-digestion. ✅Mucus - forms a barrier to protect underlying cells from gastric acid
and pepsin.
Bicarbonate - neutralizes any acid which penetrates the mucus.
Blood flow - maintains integrity or health of the mucosa
Prostaglandins - Stimulates mucus and bicarbonate, vasodilates blood vessels,
suppresses gastric secretion

List and explain 5 aggressive factors which predispose the stomach and duodenum to
ulcerations. ✅Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) - gram-negative bacillus which lives
between the mucus layer and the mucosa. Produces CO2 and ammonia from urea
which damages the mucosa.
Nsaids - decreases the production of prostaglandins which decreases blood flow,
decreases bicarbonate and mucus secretion, and increases gastric acid.
Gastric Acid - injures cells of the mucosa and activates pepsin.
Pepsin - breaks down protein of the gut wall.
Smoking - delays healing of ulcers and increases risk of recurrence.

What are three mechanisms of action for antacids? ✅Binds gastric acid and forms a
neutral salt, decreases pepsin if ph > 5, and stimulates prostaglandins.

How are antacids administered in relation to meals, sleep, or other drugs? If not eating,
how often are they given? ✅1 and 3 hrs after meals and at bedtime, 1 hour before
another drug, or every 2 hours if not eating

Which antacids can cause complications in heart failure and renal disease?
✅Aluminum hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate - heart failure, magnesium hydroxide -
CNS toxicity in renal patients

How do histamine2 receptor antagonists work? ✅Block H2 receptors on parietal cells
which suppress gastric acid secretion and decrease the hydrogen ion concentration in
gastric acid.

How are histamine2 receptor antagonists administered in relation to meals? ✅May be
taken without regard to meals, except take Tagamet with food

Which histamine2 receptor antagonist is noted for drug-drug interactions caused by
inhibition of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes? ✅cimetidine (Tagamet)

, Which histamine2 receptor antagonist is known for its ability to block androgen effects?
✅cimetidine (Tagamet)

Proton-pump inhibitors may decrease the absorption of antifungals by what action?
✅Decreased gastric acid production

When are proton pump inhibitors given? ✅Esomeprazole (Nexium) is given one hour
before a meal. Omeprazole (Prilosec) and lansoprazole (Prevacid) are given directly
before a meal. Others may be given at any time.

How long does it take for full recovery of the H+, K+-atpase pump after stopping a
proton pump inhibitor?
Why? How long for partial recovery? ✅Weeks due to irreversible inhibition. 3-5 days.

Why is misoprostol (Cytotec) used?
What are the mechanisms of action? ✅Prevention of NSAID-caused gastric ulcers.
Stimulates the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate, vasodilates blood vessels, suppress
gastric acid secretion. Replaces prostaglandins.

Why is misoprostol (Cytotec) not given during pregnancy? ✅Stimulates uterine
contractions.

How does sucralfate (Carafate) work? When should it be given? ✅Polymerization and
cross-linking occurs when the ph is < 4. It adheres to the crater for 6 hours. Given on an
empty stomach.

How many hours must elapse between an antacid and sucralfate (Carafate)? Between
other drugs and sucralfate (Carafate)? ✅1 hour between an antacid and sucralfate.
2 hours between drugs and sucralfate.

In order to kill Helicobacter pylori, what combination of drugs is given? ✅2-3 antibiotics
with a proton pump inhibitor or histamine-2 receptor antagonist

How does bismuth (Pepto-Bismol) work? What are two common side effects?
✅Disrupts the cell wall of H. Pylori, inhibits urease, and keeps H. Pylori from adhering
to the mucosa. Black tongue and stools.

At what ph will pepsin be decreased? ✅> ph 5

What is the preferred drug category for the prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers?
✅Proton Pump Inhibitors

What are two signs of gastrointestinal bleeding? ✅Black, tarry stools and coffee-
ground vomitus.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

62491 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$9.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart