NUR 311 Final Exam Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 311
Institution
NUR 311
Advocacy can be defined as protecting by expressing and defending the cause of another. Thes ana key concept. Client advocacy is a primary role of the nurse.
Examples of client advocacy include: representing the client's needs and wishes to other healthcare professionals.
Helping clients exercise...
NUR 311 Final Exam Questions and
100% Correct Answers
Advocacy ✅can be defined as protecting by expressing and defending the cause of
another. Thes ana key concept.
Client advocacy is a primary role of the nurse.
Examples of client advocacy include: ✅representing the client's needs and wishes to
other healthcare professionals.
Helping clients exercise their rights.
The concept of advocacy is related to most of the other concepts ✅ethics: the role of
the advocate is to uphold ethics in all situations.
Legal issues: all clients have the right to expect competent nursing practice. The
professional nurse will ensure that all clients receive this care.
Professional behaviors: nurses hold the public's trust as professionals. One of the roles
of the professional nurse is to advocate for the client through professional behaviors
The concept of advocacy is related to most of the other concepts part 2 ✅culture and
diversity: the culture and diversity of each client must be taken into consideration when
providing care. The professional nurse must ensure that the client is able to maintain
their choices.
Healthcare systems: the complexities of the healthcare system are difficult to maneuver
even for the well-educated client. The professional nurse can assist the client to
maneuver within the system.
Values basic to client advocacy ✅the client is a holistic, autonomous being who has
the right to
Make choices and decisions.
the client has the right to expect a nurse-client relationship that
Is based on shared respect, trust, collaboration in solving problems
Related to health and healthcare needs, and consideration
Of his or her thoughts and feelings.
the nurse has the responsibility to ensure the client has access to
Healthcare services that meet health needs.
Skills the nurse must develop in order to be an effective advocate include:
✅assertiveness
,A recognition that the rights and values of clients and families must take precedence
when they conflict with those of healthcare providers
An awareness that conflicts may arise over issues that require consultation,
confrontation, or negotiation between the nurse and administrative personnel, or
between the nurse and healthcare provider
The ability to work with community agencies and lay practitioners
An understanding that advocacy may require political action, such as communicating a
client's healthcare needs to government and other officials who have the authority to do
something about these needs.
The nurse may need to advocate for clients in the following areas: ✅promoting health,
such as by ensuring good nutrition, suggesting immunizations, and helping with stress
management
Ensuring safety, such as by assessing for abuse and neglect, preventing accidents, and
being aware of community resources
Participating on committees and task forces in the healthcare agency or community
Collaborating with care teams in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and nursing care
settings
In order to determine the advocacy needs of the client, the nurse must assess the
following ✅client's ability to cooperate and make decisions
Reliability of information provided by the client, especially if the client exhibits
impairment of cognitive function or mental instability
Client's medical history and family situation
Based on the nurse's assessment of the client, advocacy interventions may include:
✅educating clients and their families about their legal rights
Monitoring treatment planning and delivery of service for the abuse of client rights
Evaluating policies and procedures regarding infringement of client rights
Ensuring that clients have the necessary information to make an informed decision or
give informed consent
Questioning other healthcare professionals when they provide care that is based on
stereotypic ideas rather than on assessment of the individual client's needs
Speaking out for safe practice conditions when threatened by budget cutbacks
Types of advocacy: empowerment ✅nurses advocate for clients in order to protect
their rights and empower them to participate in making informed healthcare decisions.
Types of advocacy: enabling ✅enabling is defined as "facilitating the other's passage
through life transitions and unfamiliar events."1
Enabling includes:
Coaching
Informing
Explaining
,Assisting
Guiding
Focusing
Validating
Types of advocacy: four dimensions of advocacy ✅there are four dimensions of
advocacy when the nurse is caring for a client.2
Being a client advocate
Following through or following up
Providing resources
Going above and beyond
Types of advocacy: educating providers and others ✅advocacy in this situation
involves educating healthcare providers so that they are able to provide appropriate
care to their clients
Types of advocacy: professional & public domains ✅both individual nurses and
professional organizations have many opportunities to:
Speak publically for the health, welfare, and safety of their clients
Take steps to protect client rights
Inform the public about issues and concerns through articles and other media
Lobby their congressional representatives on behalf of better health care for all people
Run for political office
Types of advocacy: illegal, immoral, or unethical activities of professionals. ✅nurses
have a legal responsibility to report other professionals suspected of engaging in illegal,
immoral, or unethical activities by following established procedures at the facility of
employment.
Acute illness ✅-characterized by severe symptoms that are relatively short-lived
-symptoms appear suddenly, progress steadily, and subside quickly
Chronic illness ✅-develops gradually, requires ongoing medical attention
-may continue for the duration of the individual's life
Remission ✅period when symptoms subside
Exacerbation ✅symptoms reappear or worsen
Disbelief and denial ✅psychological defense mechanism that people sometimes use to
avoid the anxiety associated with illness
, Irritability and anger ✅-patient may get irritable as ability to function declines, may lead
to depression
-anger may be directed at specific people or general
Attempting to gain control ✅-person may consult health care provider or use over the
counter medications, folk practices, or home remedies
-aware they are ill and express some concern or fear about the outcome
Depression and grief ✅-most common mood disorder that occurs with illness
-ability to work is altered, daily activities modified, sense of well-being and freedom from
pain lost
Acceptance and participation ✅-patient has acknowledged reality of illness and amy
be ready to participate in decisions about treatment
Modeling ✅children learn how to act as an ill person by observing their parents or
other adults and how they respond to major and minor illnesses
Coping ✅strategies a person uses to assess and manage demands
Resourcefulness ✅use of cognitive skills that one uses to adapt to the world around
him, often in very creative ways
Resilience ✅-adapt successfully despite challenges or threats to their way of life or
routines
-children tend to have a lot of resilience
Spirituality ✅-belief in a higher power, interconnectedness among living beings, and an
awareness of life's purpose and meaning
-differs from religion in that religion is a codified ay of organizing rituals and spirituality is
a larger concept
Spiritual nursing care ✅responsibility that goes beyond calling the chaplain
What are internal influences on illness behavior? ✅-dependence/independence needs
-coping ability
-hardiness
-learned resourcefulness
-resilience
-spirituality
What are external influences on illness behavior? ✅-past experiences
-culture
-communication patterns
-personal space norms
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