Exam (elaborations)
NPTE- PTA EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NPTE- PTA EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NPTE- PTA EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS3 stages of lymphedema - Answers -Stage 1- Pitting edema present, Negative stemmer
sign, Elevation helps
Stage 2- Pitting edema no longer present, positive Stemmer sign, elevation no longer
helps
Stage 3- Hyperkeratosis, elephantitis, vesicles present
What is occurring if there is a larger Q angle? - Answers -Patella is laterally tracking;
vastus medialis needs to be strengthened
What is the normal Q angle? - Answers -13-19 degrees
What is avascular necrosis to the hip? - Answers -Impaired blood supply to the femoral
head; Causes antalgic gait, leads to total hip arthroplasty
-Hip ROM is decreased in IR, Flexion, and ABD
Femur anteversion/retroversion - Answers -Anteversion- Toe in
Retroversion- Toe out
What cardiac/respiratory complications does 911 need to be called for? - Answers -
Marked dyspnea or EKG changes
What is piriformis syndrome? - Answers -External rotation of the hip and excessive
pronation of the foot cause the piriformis to compress the sciatic nerve
What is anterior compartment syndrome? What are symptoms? - Answers -MEDICAL
EMERGENCY!!! *Requires immediate surgical intervention*
Symptoms: Swelling, paresthesia, severe pain in anterior portion of leg
What is tarsal tunnel syndrome? - Answers -Entrapment of posterior tibial nerve within
tarsal tunnel due to excessive pronation
What are spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis; How to treat? - Answers -Spondylolysis-
Crack or stress fracture that develops through the pars interarticularis (small, thin
portion of vertebra that connects the upper and lower facet joints
Spondylolisthesis- Fractured pars interarticularis separates, allowing injured vertebra to
shift/slip forward on vertebra directly below it
Treatment- Focus on dynamic stabilization of trunk with emphasis on abdominals and
trunk extension
,Is Parkinsons a UMN or LMN dx? It is a lesion to which portion of the brain? What are
the meds for it? - Answers -UMN; basal ganglion; Sinemet and levadopa
What can long term Sinemet use cause? - Answers -Vomiting, orthostatic hypotension,
cardiac arrhythmia, dyskinesia, psychosis, and hallucinations
Early/late S/S of Parkinsons disease; what is a special consideration for treatment of
these patients? - Answers -Early: Bradykinesia, Rigidity, Resting tremor "pill rolling".
and decreased postural reflexes
Late: Bradyphrenia (Decreased cognition), dysarthria (slurred speech), hypophonia
(whisper), festinating to shuffling gait, visual deficits, dementia, forward flexed posture,
and masked face
Special consideration: BIG exercises; extension based exercises; morning treatment is
BEST
Sympathetic vs. parasympathetic - Answers -Sympathetic- Fight or flight
Parasympathetic- Rest or digest
What is the substantia nigra important in? - Answers -Motor control and muscle tone;
part fo the brainstem
What is the purpose of the Circle of Willis? - Answers -Gives us 3 hours of restricted
blood flow before there is permanent damage
3 types of CVAs - Answers -Ischemic- Blood clotting that causes blockage
TIA- S/S less than 24 hrs (warning before "big one" happens; pt. put on blood thinners
Hemorrhagic-Bleeding (Can increase ICP)
Left sided vs. Right sided hemisphere injury - Answers -Left side:
-Right sided deficits
-Difficulty understanding/producing language (both written and spoken)
-Difficulty sequencing movements
-Poor logical/rational thoughts (No common sense)
-Slow, cautious, anxious
-Self-depreciating
-Aware of deficits
Right sided:
-Left sided deficits
-Unable to understand nonverbal communication
-Difficulty sustaining movements
-Poor hand/eye coordination/kinesthetic awareness
, -Quick/impulsive
-Overestimation of abilities
Anterior Cerebral artery syndrome - Answers --Effects LE>UE
-Apraxia
Middle Cerebral Artery syndrome - Answers --Effects UE>LE
-Homonymous hemianopsia
Posterior Cerebral Artery syndrome - Answers --Visual problems
-Thalamic pain syndrome (Everything hurts)
-Pushers Syndrome
Medulla oblongata function - Answers -Contains respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor
centers; vital sign functioning; Responsible for maintenance of consciousness and
arousal
Hypothalamus function - Answers -maintains homeostasis; sleep/wake cycle
Cranial nerve I - Answers -Olfactory; sensory; smell
Cranial nerve II - Answers -Optic; sensory; visual acuity
Cranial nerve III - Answers -Oculomotor; motor; Turns eye up, down, and in
Cranial nerve IV - Answers -Trochlear; motor; Turns adducted eye down
Cranial nerve V - Answers -Trigeminal; sensory and motor; Facial sensation and
muscles of mastication
Cranial nerve VI - Answers -Abducens; motor; Turns eye out
Contraindications for exercise during rehab (6) - Answers --HR greater than 120
-Unstable angina
-BP >200/110
-DVT
-Illness/fever
-Orthostatic hypertension
What tendon is effected with Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow)? - Answers -Flexor
carpi radialis
What tendon is effected with Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis elbow)? - Answers -Extensor
carpi radialis brevis
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