Brain and Behaviour Final Exam
Glutamic Acid correct answers -widely distributed throughout the brain - major
excitatory NT
-involved in: learning & memory and synaptic plasticity
Glutamate receptor types correct answers -NMDA
-AMPA
glutamate released into synapses correct answers -reabsorbed directly into neutrons or
soaked-up by astrocytes (which convert the glutamate into glutamine)
NMDA receptor - binding sites correct answers 1) glutamate
2) glycine
3) magnesium
4) zinc
NMDA receptor - involved in and how it works correct answers -major player in
learning, memory and neuroplasticity
-part of the way ethanol affects brain functions
-conduct Ca2+
-critical for the development of CNS
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) - 3 steps correct answers -goes from glutamine to
glutamate to GABA
-synthesized from glutamic acid (by GAD) and catabolized back into the Krebs cycle
GABA A receptor - 3 binding sites correct answers -barbiturate
-picrotoxin
-steroid
Acetylcholine correct answers in CNS, cholinergic neurons clustered in a few areas
-striatum; regulate movement
-basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS); cognitive function, emotion, learning &
memory
-dorsolateral pons; reinforcement, behavioural arousal, sensory processing and REM
sleep
Basal Forebrain correct answers -producer of ACh
-role in attention, learning and memory
-deficiency in AD
Biosynthesis of Acetylcholine correct answers -Botulinum Toxin prevents release of
ACh - paralysis, death
, Black Widow Spider Venom correct answers triggers release of ACh
-nausea, vomiting, sweating and sometimes death
Destruction of Acetylcholine by Acetychlinesterase correct answers Neostigmine
-peripheral; reduces symptoms of myasthenia gravis
Ach Nicotinic Receptors - antagonists and agonists correct answers -two molecules of
ACh must bind to open channel for NA+
-if continuously exposed to ACh, become desensitized (won't open)
Agonists
-nicotine from tobacco
Antagonists
-some snake venom
ACh Muscarinic Receptors correct answers Agonist
-muscarine (found in poison mushroom)
Antagonist
-atropine and scopolamine (extracted from deadly nightshade flower and other plants)
Monoamine Neurotransmitters correct answers Catecholamines
-indolamine
-ethylamine
Dopamine
-serotonin
Dopamine - involved in and pathways correct answers -catecholamine synthesized
from L-DOPA
major CNS dopaminergic systems
-motor
-motivation
-cognition
Dopamine broken down by what correct answers -MAO
-COMT
Dopamine disorders correct answers -Parkinson's Disease
-Schizophrenia
-Drug use and abuse
Parkinson's Disease correct answers -neurological disease
Glutamic Acid correct answers -widely distributed throughout the brain - major
excitatory NT
-involved in: learning & memory and synaptic plasticity
Glutamate receptor types correct answers -NMDA
-AMPA
glutamate released into synapses correct answers -reabsorbed directly into neutrons or
soaked-up by astrocytes (which convert the glutamate into glutamine)
NMDA receptor - binding sites correct answers 1) glutamate
2) glycine
3) magnesium
4) zinc
NMDA receptor - involved in and how it works correct answers -major player in
learning, memory and neuroplasticity
-part of the way ethanol affects brain functions
-conduct Ca2+
-critical for the development of CNS
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) - 3 steps correct answers -goes from glutamine to
glutamate to GABA
-synthesized from glutamic acid (by GAD) and catabolized back into the Krebs cycle
GABA A receptor - 3 binding sites correct answers -barbiturate
-picrotoxin
-steroid
Acetylcholine correct answers in CNS, cholinergic neurons clustered in a few areas
-striatum; regulate movement
-basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS); cognitive function, emotion, learning &
memory
-dorsolateral pons; reinforcement, behavioural arousal, sensory processing and REM
sleep
Basal Forebrain correct answers -producer of ACh
-role in attention, learning and memory
-deficiency in AD
Biosynthesis of Acetylcholine correct answers -Botulinum Toxin prevents release of
ACh - paralysis, death
, Black Widow Spider Venom correct answers triggers release of ACh
-nausea, vomiting, sweating and sometimes death
Destruction of Acetylcholine by Acetychlinesterase correct answers Neostigmine
-peripheral; reduces symptoms of myasthenia gravis
Ach Nicotinic Receptors - antagonists and agonists correct answers -two molecules of
ACh must bind to open channel for NA+
-if continuously exposed to ACh, become desensitized (won't open)
Agonists
-nicotine from tobacco
Antagonists
-some snake venom
ACh Muscarinic Receptors correct answers Agonist
-muscarine (found in poison mushroom)
Antagonist
-atropine and scopolamine (extracted from deadly nightshade flower and other plants)
Monoamine Neurotransmitters correct answers Catecholamines
-indolamine
-ethylamine
Dopamine
-serotonin
Dopamine - involved in and pathways correct answers -catecholamine synthesized
from L-DOPA
major CNS dopaminergic systems
-motor
-motivation
-cognition
Dopamine broken down by what correct answers -MAO
-COMT
Dopamine disorders correct answers -Parkinson's Disease
-Schizophrenia
-Drug use and abuse
Parkinson's Disease correct answers -neurological disease
