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Exam (elaborations)

Bio 1050 Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers

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  • BIO 1050

Anatomy (structure) provides clues about function; Describes the structures of the body -what they are made of -where they are located -associated structures Physiology (function) can only be described in terms of the underlying anatomy The study of: -functions of anatomical structures -individual...

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  • September 2, 2024
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  • BIO 1050
  • BIO 1050
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Bio 1050 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
Anatomy (structure) ✅provides clues about function;
Describes the structures of the body
-what they are made of
-where they are located
-associated structures

Physiology (function) ✅can only be described in terms of the underlying anatomy
The study of:
-functions of anatomical structures
-individual and cooperative functions

Principle of complimentarity of structure and function ✅anatomy depends on
physiology, and physiology depends on anatomy

3 stages of cellular respiration ✅1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Oxidative phosphorylation

Cellular respiration occurs ✅within the mitochondrion

Cellular respiration input & output ✅input - glucose, O2
Output - chemical energy (as ATP), C02, H20

Cardiovascular System ✅rhythmic contractions produce the heartbeat and pressurize
blood

Cardio -> ✅heart

Vascular -> ✅blood vessels

The heart rate/pulse ✅is the number of times the heart beats per minute

Blood pressure ✅measures the pressure in the arteries leading to the body from the
left ventricle
-normal blood pressure level is less than 120/80 mmhg

Beating of the heart is part of the cardiac cycle ✅which is made up of a relaxation
phase and contraction phase

, Diastole (diastolic phase) ✅lowest (bottom) ;
1. Atria and ventricles are relaxed, blood flows passively into the atria

Systole (systolic phase) ✅highest (top);
2. Blood is forced into the ventricles as the atria contract...
3. ... And is pumped to the lungs, and to the rest of the body, as the ventricles contract

Arteries and veins ✅Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the
heart.

Cappillaries ✅Smallest of vessels and where the exchanges take place between the
blood and surrounding tissues, exchanging water, nutrients, and waste products;
Nutrients and O2 in the blood are exchanged for cellular waste and CO2 in the tissues

Breathing ✅inhale oxygen, exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor

Principles of gas exchange by diffusion ✅-passive process
1. Gases diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
2. A large surface area facilitates diffusion
3. Diffusion occurs faster over short distances

Oxygen transport ✅by the oxygen-binding pigment hemoglobin

Hemoglobin ✅picks up oxygen in regions of high oxygen concentration and release
oxygen in regions of low concentration; reversible binding

Digestive system ✅main function is to process food, absorb useful nutrients, and
eliminate unusable waste

Digestive tract ✅the main component of human digestive system and consists of a
passageway that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus

Accessory glands and organs ✅associated with the digestive system - help break
down food both physically and chemically

Digestion ✅-enters the oral cavity, it is broken down and mixed with saliva from the
salivary glands, which contains enzymes that break down starches in the food
- moist food is pushed into the pharynx and down to the stomach by the muscular
contractions of the esophagus

Protein digestion ✅begins in the stomach, which secretes acid and pepsin to further
break down food particles

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