Bio 1050 Exam 2 Practice Questions and Complete Solutions
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Course
BIO 1050
Institution
BIO 1050
What is DNA? deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms, constructed of two nucleotide strands coiled around each other in a ladderlike arrangement with the sidepieces ...
Bio 1050 Exam 2 Practice Questions and
Complete Solutions
What is DNA? ✅deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long macromolecule that is the
main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic
characteristics in all life forms, constructed of two nucleotide strands coiled around each
other in a ladderlike arrangement with the sidepieces composed of alternating
phosphate and deoxyribose units and the rungs composed of the purine and pyrimidine
bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine: the genetic information of DNA is
encoded in the sequence of the bases and is transcribed as the strands unwind and
replicate.
What is a gene? ✅A sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that carries the information
necessary for producing a functional product, usually a protein molecule or RNA
What shape does a DNA molecule have? ✅A double helix
Who discovered the structure of DNA? ✅James Watson and Francis Crick
DNA is a chain of... ✅nucleotides
What are three parts a nucleotide? ✅a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen-
containing base
Every nucleotide are identical except for its base. What are the four kinds of bases?
✅adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T)
In what way do bases pair together and what do we mean by the idea that bases have
complementary pairing? ✅A with T
C with G
Knowing the order of _______________ in 1 strand of DNA is enough to know the order
in the _______________ strand of the DNA molecule. ✅bases, other
Steps for copying DNA ✅Steps for copying DNA:
- DNA molecule split in half
- New nucleotides added to each side of the original molecule
- enzymes called DNA polymerases link nucleotides together
- result = 2 daughter DNA molecules identical to original DNA
Hows does DNA determine out traits? ✅A sequence in the DNA called genes
, What are the two stages required to go from DNA to trait formation and where does
each stage occur in a cell? ✅transcription in the nucleus then translation in the
cytoplasm
What is transcription? ✅process that uses the instructions in DNA to make RNA
What does RNA do? ✅RNA helps pass information from DNA to ribosomes (where
proteins are made)
Describe the structure of RNA ✅single stranded helix polymer of nucleotides
How is RNA formed? ✅formed 1 nucleotide at a time from DNA
Describe how an RNA strand is complementary to a DNA strand. ✅Bases of RNA are
complementary to DNA strand, just like 1 DNA strand is complementary to its other
strand
Which bases on DNA lead to which bases occurring on RNA? ✅on DNA leads to on
RNA
AU
TA
CG
GC
Describe the general steps in transcription. ✅...
What happens after this RNA is created? ✅This RNA leaves the nucleus and acts as a
"messenger" for the DNA. Goes into cytoplasm where proteins will be made by the
ribosomes.
What is translation and where does it occur? ✅process that uses the instructions in the
RNA to make proteins and occurs in the cytoplasm
How are proteins made? ✅through translation
What are proteins made of? ✅amino acids
How do RNA bases code for amino acids? ✅A-U
C-G
What are codons? ✅Codons specify all the amino acids
What do codons code for? ✅amino acids for proteins
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