Affirmative action
o :# government policies or programs that seek to redress past injustices again
specified groups by making special efforts to prodive members of these groups
with access to educational and emplpyment opportunities
Anti-federalists
o :# those who favored strong state govern...
Political Science Questions and Answers
Affirmative action
o :# government policies or programs that seek to redress past injustices again
specified groups by making special efforts to prodive members of these groups
with access to educational and emplpyment opportunities
Anti-federalists
o :# those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government
and were opponents of the constitution
Authoritarian system (government)
o :# a system of rule in which the government recognize no formal limit but may
nevertheless be restrained by the power of other social institutions
Block grants
o :# federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds
are spent
Boston Massacre
o :# The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at
the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans
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Boston Tea Party
o :# A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as
Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.
Bourgeoisie
o :# A social class that derives social and economic power from employment,
education, and wealth, as opposed to the inherited power of aristocratic family of
titled land owners or feudal privileges. It's a term for the middle class common in
the 19th century. It's characterized by their ownership of property and their
related culture.
Categorical grants
o :# congressional grants given to states and localities in the condition that
expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by the law
Checks and balances
o :# mechanisms through which each branch of government is able to participate
in and influence the activities of the other branches; major examples include the
presidential veto power over congressional legislation, the power of the Senate to
approve presidential appointments, and judicial review of congressional
enactment
Civil liberties
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o :# areas of personal freedom constitutionally protected from government
interference
Civil rights
o :# obligation imposed on government to take a positive action to protect citizens
from any illegal action of government agencies and of other private citizens
Civil Rights Act
o :# (1964) law under Johnson that made segregation illegal in all public facilities,
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Commerce clause
o :# Congress has the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and
among the several states and with the Indigenous Tribes
The Commerce Clause can be found in _______ of the Constitution
o :# Article 1, Section 8
The Clause of Commerce can be interrupted by ________ in favor of national power
over the economy
o :# the Supreme Court
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Commercial speech
o :# Communication in the form of advertising. It can be restricted more than
many other types of speech but has been receiving increased protection from the
Supreme Court.
Confederation
o :# a system of government in which states retain sovereign authority except for
the powers expressly delegate to the national government
Connecticut or Great Compromise
o :# The agreement that the national legislature of the United States would have
two houses, with representation in one based on population, and equal
representation per state in the other, was called the ______
Cooperative federalism
o :# a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid
have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without
commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals; also known as
"intergovernmental cooperation"
Cruel and unusual punishment
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