psychology - CORRECTthe scientific study of behavior and mental processes
science - CORRECTpsychology uses systematic methods to observe human behavior and draw conclusions
behavior - CORRECTeverything we do that can be directly observed
mental process - CORRECTThe thoughts, feelings, and ...
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psychology - CORRECT✔✔the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
science - CORRECT✔✔psychology uses systematic methods to observe human behavior and draw
conclusions
behavior - CORRECT✔✔everything we do that can be directly observed
mental process - CORRECT✔✔The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately
but that cannot be observed directly
critical thinking - CORRECT✔✔thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather,
it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
empirical method - CORRECT✔✔gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of
data, and logical reasoning
structuralism - CORRECT✔✔focus on identifying the elemental parts or structures of the human mind;
William Wundt
functionalism - CORRECT✔✔A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral
processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish; William James
natural selection - CORRECT✔✔A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to
survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits; Charles Darwin
neurons - CORRECT✔✔a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
,glial cells - CORRECT✔✔cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
cell body - CORRECT✔✔Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the
cytoplasm
dendrites - CORRECT✔✔Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
axon - CORRECT✔✔the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which
messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
myelin sheath - CORRECT✔✔fatty layer that covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural
impulses
resting potential - CORRECT✔✔The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a
neuron's cell membrane; neg inside, pos outisde
action potential - CORRECT✔✔a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
all or nothing principle - CORRECT✔✔The principle that once the electrical impulse reaches a certain
level of intensity (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any
intensity.
synapses - CORRECT✔✔tiny gaps between dentrites and axons of different neurons
Neuraltransmitters - CORRECT✔✔transmit, or carry, information across the synaptic gap to the next
neuron
Acetylcholine (ACh) - CORRECT✔✔stimulates the firing of neurons and is involved in the action of
muscles, learning, and memory
, Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT✔✔degenerative brain disorder that involves a decline in memory, have
an acetylcholine deficiency
GABA - CORRECT✔✔a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
decreased GABA levels - CORRECT✔✔lead to anxiety
glutamate - CORRECT✔✔exciting many neurons to fire and is especially involved in learning and memory
norepinephrine - CORRECT✔✔inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but it excites
the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract
dopamine - CORRECT✔✔control voluntary movement and affects sleep, mood, attention, learning, and
the ability to recognize rewards in the environment
seratonin - CORRECT✔✔involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, attention, and learning
endorphins - CORRECT✔✔natural opiates that mainly stimulate the firing of neurons; block pain &
increase pleasure
oxytocin - CORRECT✔✔hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the experience of
love and social bonding
agonist - CORRECT✔✔A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
antagonist - CORRECT✔✔drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effects
brain lesioning - CORRECT✔✔abnormal disruption in the tissue of the brain resulting from injury or
disease
Electroencephalogram (EEG) - CORRECT✔✔records the brain's electrical activity
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