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AP Psych Unit 8 Key Terms and People questions with right answers.
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AP Psych Unit 8 Key Terms and Peoplequestions with right answers.
motivation ANS - a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Interplay between the "pushes" of nature and the "pulls" of nurture
instinct ANS - a complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species.
Instinct/Evolutionary Theory ANS - #1 Theory of Motivation
-innate, unlearned, fixed patterns.
-instincts in animals
-salmon's swimming upstream to spawn.
-Instincts in humans as well
Limitations***
Not as effective for explaining human behaviors--our behaviors and motivations are more than
instinctual.
Drive Reduction Theory ANS - #2 Theory of Motivation
Clark Hull's idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an
organism to satisfy the need. "Pushed" to reduce Drives
Physiological NEED--->Aroused state (DRIVE)--->Drive Reduction Behavior
Ex. WATER-----THIRST------GETTING WATER
Limitation****
,Doesn't explain "pleasure-seeking" behavior
Needs ANS - Necessary for healthy functioning and survival
want ANS - a desire, which if not met may lead to adverse effects.
homeostasis ANS - a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any
aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level AFTER a need is met to regain
internal equilibrium.
incentive ANS - a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
An external factor that motivates behavior.
"Pulls" us towards action.
Interacts with needs.
Ex- an incentive paired with a need strengthens a drive
Aron Ralston
If you are already hungry, then if you smell food, your hunger will increase.
Optimal Arousal Theory ANS - #3 Theory of Motivation
Explains some of what Drive-Reduction Theory cannot.
Pleasure and sensation seeking behavior.
Some motivated behaviors increase arousal
---Not always trying to reach homeostasis or to reduce drives (arousal).
often we seek arousal when needs are already met.****
Motivation to achieve and optimum level of arousal fueled by curiosity.
Yerkes-Dodson Curve
People have different set points for optimum arousal
ex-thrill seekers
, Yerkes Dodson Curve ANS - the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point,
beyond which performance decreases.
hierarchy of needs ANS - #4 Theory on Motivation
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be
satisfied before higher-level safety needs then psychological needs become active. The higher the level,
the harder to achieve.
6-Self-Transcendence-finding meaning bigger than self.
5-Self-Actualization-living up to fullest individual potential.
4-Esteem-Need to feel god about self/Having self worth.
3-Belongingness and Love-Need to belong and to be loved.
2-Safety-Security, predictability--need for shelter.
1-Physiological Needs-Food, Water, Air.
Limitation****
Not the same for everyone
glucose ANS - the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for
body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
set point ANS - the point at which an individual's weight is supposedly set. When the body falls below
this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight and
vice versa.
Difference between set point and settling point
Settling point=a weight range where body weight is bound to fluctuate based on activity and
consumption.
basal metabolic rate ANS - the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
When calorie intake/activity decreases, metabolic rate slows down.
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