2024 ATI PN Custom Fundamentals Chapter 38 Exam
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Rationale
When is a problem an ethical dilemma?
- ans -When:
- A review of scientific data is not enough to solve it.
- It involves a conflict between two moral imperatives
- The answer will have a profound effect on the situation and the client. .
Ethical decision making - ans -Process that requires striking a balance between
science and morality
A nurse is caring for a client who decides not to have surgery despite significant
blockages in his
coronary arteries. The nurse understands that this client's choice is an example of
which of the following
ethical principles?
A. Fidelity
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
- ans -B. Autonomy
In this situation, the client is exercising his right to make his own personal
decision about
surgery, regardless of others' opinions of what is "best" for him. This is an
example of autonomy.
A nurse offers pain medication to a client who is postoperative prior to
ambulation. The nurse
understands that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the
following ethical principles?
A. Fidelity
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
,D. Beneficence
- ans -D. Beneficence
Beneficence is taking positive actions to help others. By administering pain
medication
before the client attempts a potentially painful exercise like ambulation, the nurse
is taking a
specific and positive action to help the client.
A nurse is instructing a group of nursing students about the responsibilities
involved with organ
donation and procurement. When the nurse explains that all clients waiting for a
kidney transplant have
to meet the same qualifications, the students should understand that this aspect
of care delivery is an
example of which of the following ethical principles?
A. Fidelity
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
- ans -C. Justice
Justice is fairness in care delivery and in the use of resources. By applying the
same qualifications to all potential kidney transplant recipients, organ
procurement organizations
demonstrate this ethical principle in determining the allocation of these scarce
resources.
A nurse questions a medication prescription as too extreme in light of the client's
advanced age
and unstable status. The nurse understands that this action is an example of
which of the following
ethical principles?
A. Fidelity
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
, - ans -D. Nonmaleficence
Nonmaleficence is the avoidance of harm or injury. In this situation, administering
the medication could harm the client. By questioning it, the nurse is
demonstrating this ethical principle.
A nurse is instructing a group of nursing students about how to know and what to
expect when ethical
dilemmas arise. Which of the following situations should the students identify as
an ethical dilemma?
A. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit demonstrates signs of chemical impairment.
B. A nurse overhears another nurse telling an older adult client that if he doesn't
stay in bed, she
will have to apply restraints.
C. A family has conflicting feelings about the initiation of enteral tube feedings for
their father, who
is terminally ill.
D. A client who is terminally ill hesitates to name her spouse on her durable
power of
attorney form.
- ans -C. A family has conflicting feelings about the initiation of enteral tube
feedings for their father, who
is terminally ill.
Making the decision about initiating enteral tube feedings is an example of an
ethical dilemma. *A review of scientific data cannot resolve the issue, and it is not
easy to resolve. The decision will have a profound effect on the situation and on
the client.*
*Medical* asepsis
[AKA: "Clean Technique"]
- ans -- practices* to reduce* the number, growth, and spread of micro-
organisms;
- Used for: admin oral meds, managing NG tubes, providing personal hygiene, etc.
*Surgical* asepsis
[AKA: "Sterile Technique"]
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