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Marine Science Exam 1 with correct Answers
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Marine Science Exam 1 with correct Answers
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Marine Science Exam 1 with correctAnswers
How did early civilizations use the oceans? - Answer -food, trade, transportation
Why explore oceans in Middle Ages/ Age of Exploration? - Answer -exploration, trade,
colonization
Focus of early oceanography in 19th/early 20th centuries? - Answer -Science and
engineering
What do you think of when you hear "modern oceanography?" - Answer -private
institutions (Scripps Institute of Oceanography), WWII expansion for military, science
WWII to now
The age of the Earth + How know? - Answer -4.5-4.6 billion years + Radiometric dating
with isotopes
What are hypotheses for where the oceans' water came from? - Answer -Volcanic
activity, Present when Earth formed, asteroids or comets
Cause of Earth's seasons? - Answer -Tilt and revolution around sun
One nautical mile is equal to - Answer -One minute of latitude
What are the reservoirs of water, from largest to smallest? (5) - Answer -Oceans > ice
caps + glaciers > groundwater > lakes + rivers > atmosphere
One degree equals # latitude? - Answer -60 minutes latitude
One knot equals - Answer -1.15 mph (statute miles/hr) or 1 nautical mile per hour
flux definition - Answer -flow between reservoirs
2nd largest reservoir - Answer -ice caps and glaciers
approx residence time of the oceans' water - Answer -3,000 years
, residence time definition + equation - Answer -avg length of time a water molecule
spends in a reservoir; volume (km^3)/inflow or outflow (km^3/yr)
Hemisphere with more ocean - Answer -Southern
Approx avg depth of oceans - Answer -3,800 m
Is Everest the tallest mountain on Earth from base to summit? - Answer -No- it's Mauna
Kea (Hawaii)
What increases moving from surface to center of Earth? - Answer -Pressure, density,
temperature
Ocean names (5) - Answer -Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic
Earth's layers based on geologic properties (4) - Answer -crust, mantle, outer core,
inner core
Earth's layers based on physical properties (5) - Answer -lithosphere, asthenosphere,
mesosphere, outer core, inner core
ductile layer of earth - Answer -asthenosphere/ mantle
Oceanic vs Continental Crust - Answer -Ocean is thinner, denser, younger
term for lithosphere resting on asthenosphere - Answer -isostasy
Continental Drift Evidence (4) + Guy - Answer -Alfred Wegener
1. Puzzle fit of continents.
2. Fossil distribution on different continents.
3. Matching glacial deposits across continents
4. Matching mtn belts/ rock units across continents
Sea Floor Spreading Evidence (5) - Answer -1. Earthquake distributions (shallow at
crust movement, deep at subduction)
2. Heat flow on the sea floor (highest at ridges, lowest at trenches)
3. Oldest continental crust is only 200 million years old (destroyed at subduction zones
in continental trenches) vs continental is billions of years old
4. Sediments get older and thicker the farther away they are from the mid-ocean ridges
5. Earth's changing magnetic field over time (recorded in the oceanic crust as minerals
crystalize
What drives sea-floor spreading? - Answer -Mantle convection cells
plate tectonics = - Answer -sea floor spreading + continental drift
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