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Cardiac diagnostics Testing with Questions and verified Answers | Already Passed
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Cardiac diagnostics Testing withQuestions and verified Answers |
Already Passed
What is the PT test used for? Units? - ✔✔assess extrinsic AND common
pathways monitor Warfarin therapy (Coumadin) "WEPT"
prolonged = deficiency in 1+ factors needed to clot (3,7,10)
reported as a ratio compared to "normal" (INR)
What is a normal PT INR? Possible critical? - ✔✔0.8-1.1 normal
> 5.5 possibly critical (very thin blood)
Preferred INR:
Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis? - ✔✔1.5-2
Preferred INR orthopedic surgery, deep vein thrombosis, atrial fibrillation? - ✔✔2-3
Preferred INR for a Pulmonary Embolism? - ✔✔2.5-3.5
Preferred INR Prosthetic valve prophylaxis? - ✔✔3-4
,Factors that can cause prolonged PT? - ✔✔Hepatocellular disease
Obstructing biliary disease (fat malabsorption)
Coumadin ingestion (warfarin): interfere with vitamin K dep clotting factors
alcohol (diminishes liver function)
Diarrhea (vit K)
drugs
Factors that can decrease PT? - ✔✔Green, leafy vegetables (vitamin K)
Drugs
What factors are produced in the liver? - ✔✔1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10
What factors are vitamin K dependent? - ✔✔2, 7, 9, 10
How long till warfarin works? how long until warfarin is out of system after discontinuing? -
✔✔3 days, 3 days
t/f warfarin can last 7-14 days after discontinuation in some people - ✔✔true
What drugs can increase PT? (increase time to form a clot) - ✔✔Allopurinol, aminosalicyclic acid,
beta-lactam ABX, etc.
, What drugs can decrease PT? (decrease time to form a clot) - ✔✔anabolic steroids,
barbituates, estrogens, OCPs, vitamin K, digitalis, diphenhydramine (benadryl)
What is PTT used for? Units? - ✔✔Partial thromboplastin time
Used to assess intrinsic system/common pathway
Used to monitor heparin therapy
Reported in seconds (to coagulation)
Normal PTT? Critical PTT? - ✔✔60-70 sec normal
PTT >100 sec risk of spontaneous bleeding
How does heparin work? - ✔✔inhibits the intrinsic pathway for 4-6 hours (much shorter
than warfarin - 3 days)
How often monitor PTT for heparin? - ✔✔every 30-60 minutes before next dose
Causes of increased PTT - ✔✔Congenital deficiencies of clotting factor (hemophilia,
VonWillebrand disease)
Cirrhosis of Liver
Drugs (herapin)
Later stages of Disseminated intravascular coagulation (uses up clotting factors)
Causes of decreased PTT - ✔✔Early states of disseminated intravascular coagulation
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