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UGA BIOS 2010 Exam 1 Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | 100% Verified
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UGA BIOS 2010 Exam 1 Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | 100% Verified What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis in terms of their outcomes? Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, whi...

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  • September 3, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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UGA BIOS 2010 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 |
100% Verified
What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis in terms of their outcomes?


✔✔ Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of

chromosomes as the parent cell, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse daughter cells

with half the number of chromosomes.




How does the process of transcription contribute to protein synthesis?


✔✔ Transcription converts a segment of DNA into mRNA, which then carries the genetic

information from the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.




What is the significance of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?


✔✔ The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids, with the rough

ER having ribosomes for protein production and the smooth ER for lipid synthesis and

detoxification.




How do cellular signaling pathways affect cellular responses?




1

,✔✔ Cellular signaling pathways involve molecules that transmit signals from the cell surface to

the interior, leading to specific responses such as changes in gene expression or enzyme activity.




What is the role of the cytoskeleton in maintaining cell shape and function?


✔✔ The cytoskeleton provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates movement

and intracellular transport through its network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate

filaments.




How does the process of cellular respiration differ from fermentation?


✔✔ Cellular respiration fully oxidizes glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water, while

fermentation partially breaks down glucose, producing ATP and byproducts like ethanol or lactic

acid.




What is the purpose of cell division in multicellular organisms?


✔✔ Cell division allows for growth, development, repair, and replacement of cells in

multicellular organisms.




How do the principles of Mendelian genetics apply to inheritance patterns?




2

, ✔✔ Mendelian genetics explains how traits are inherited through dominant and recessive alleles,

following patterns such as segregation and independent assortment.




What are the primary functions of chloroplasts in plant cells?


✔✔ Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical

energy stored in glucose, and also participate in synthesizing certain fatty acids and amino acids.




How does the fluid mosaic model describe the structure of the cell membrane?


✔✔ The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a flexible, dynamic structure with a

mosaic of lipid and protein molecules that can move laterally within the bilayer.




What are the key stages of the cell cycle?


✔✔ The key stages are interphase (including G1, S, and G2 phases) and mitotic phase (including

mitosis and cytokinesis).




How does DNA replication ensure genetic continuity during cell division?


✔✔ DNA replication copies the genetic material, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an

identical set of chromosomes.




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