Exam (elaborations)
Cell Signaling, Cell Division, and Cancer Exam Syudy Guide with Questions & 100% Correct Answers
- Course
- Institution
Cell Signaling, Cell Division, and Cancer Exam Syudy Guide with Questions & 100% Correct Answers
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Cell Signaling, Cell Division, and Cancer ExamSyudy Guide with Questions & 100% Correct
Answers
adenylyl cyclase - ✔✔one of the most frequent target enzymes for G protein-- it produces the
small, intracellular signaling molecule cyclic AMP
cyclic AMP - ✔✔produced by adenylyl cyclase, this second messenger activates cAMP-
dependent protein kinase (PKA)
cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase - ✔✔this enzyme is used to degrade cyclic AMP so it does not
remain constantly active
Cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) - ✔✔end product of the GPCR (G-alpha) branch; it acts
by phosphorylating gene transcription factors
Phospholipase C cleavage targets - ✔✔DAG and IP3
inositol phospholipid pathway - ✔✔this is triggered when phospholipase C cleaves
inositol phospholipid
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) - ✔✔a sugar phosphate that binds and opens Ca2+ channels in
the ER, so Ca+2 levels rise in the cytosol
calmodulin - ✔✔a Ca+2 responsive protein-- Ca+2 binding enables it to interact with other
proteins, such as Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM-kinases)
, Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM-kinases) - ✔✔this is activated by calmodulin,
and phosphorylates other molecules
Diacylglycerol (DAG) - ✔✔a lipid that recruits and activates PKC
Protein kinase C (PKC) - ✔✔activated by DAG, this kinase phosphorylates other molecues
Enzyme-coupled receptors - ✔✔the cytoplasmic domain acts as an enzyme or forms a complex with
a protein that acts as an enzyme
Growth factors - ✔✔extracellular signaling proteins that regulate cell growth,
proliferation, differentiation, and survival
receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) - ✔✔the largest class of enzyme-coupled receptors; almost all
of these activate the small GTP-binding protein Ras (a monomeric GTPase)
Ras - ✔✔a monomeric GTPase that is similar in function to G protein alpha (because it acts as a
molecular switch); active when bound to GTP.
Ras GEF - ✔✔promotes exchange of GDP to GTP
Ras GAP - ✔✔promotes hydrolysis to inactivate Ras
MAP-kinase signaling module - ✔✔activated by Ras, this is a phosphorylation cascade
PI 3-kinase - ✔✔activated in the RTK pathway, this molecule is really important for promoting
cell growth/survival
Akt/PKB - ✔✔a serine/theonine kinase that often inactivates stuff that it phosphorylates
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller KenAli. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now