Bio 250 Final Exam Questions and Complete Solutions
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Course
BIO 250
Institution
BIO 250
What are the 3 kinds of biases in the fossil record? geographical, taxonomic, temporal
What is geographical bias? Certain climates are more conducive to fossil formations than others
What is taxonomic bias? certain taxa fossilize better than others (hard-bodied organisms)
What is temporal bias? ...
Bio 250 Final Exam Questions and
Complete Solutions
What are the 3 kinds of biases in the fossil record? ✅geographical, taxonomic,
temporal
What is geographical bias? ✅Certain climates are more conducive to fossil formations
than others
What is taxonomic bias? ✅certain taxa fossilize better than others (hard-bodied
organisms)
What is temporal bias? ✅the older a fossil is, the less likely we are to find it
What are the 4 types of fossils? ✅-compression/impression
-casts and molds
-unaltered remains
-permineralized
What are compression/impression fossils? ✅the organism itself is not fossilized, but an
imprint that it left behind is (footprints)
What are cast/mold fossils? ✅fossils created by the decay of soft tissues when buried
by sedimentation (dinosaur skeletons)
What are unaltered remains? ✅remains that were preserved in almost perfect
condition because of environmental conditions (bog bodies, frozen mammoths, etc)
What are permineralized fossils? ✅fossils that literally turn tissues to stone (petrified
wood)
What are a few relative dating techniques? ✅-faunal correlation (plant fossils and
animal fossils lining up)
-paleomagnetic (comparing the polarization of magnetic minerals in the fossil to the
orientation of the minerals around the world now)
-dendrochronology (tree ring dating)
What are a few types of absolute dating techniques? ✅-radiometric (potassium/C14
dating)
-thermoluminescence (using radiation to determine when materials were last
heated/exposed to sunlight)
-electron spin resonance (measuring amp of unpaired electrons in a sample to
determine the radiation dosage since its formation)
, How old can samples be for writing to be a useful dating tool? ✅less than 5000 years
How old can samples be for paleomagnetic (new) dating to be a useful dating tool?
✅less than 10k years
How old can samples be for dendrochronology to be a useful dating tool? ✅less than
11k years
How old can samples be for radiocarbon dating to be a useful dating tool? ✅less than
100k; best under 50k
How old can samples be for amino acid racemization to be a useful dating tool? ✅less
than 250k years; best under 100k
How old can samples be for thermoluminescence dating to be a useful dating tool?
✅less than 300k years; best under 100k; can't be less than 1k
How old can samples be for ESR dating to be a useful dating tool? ✅under 5 million
years; best under 100k; can't be less than 1k
How old can samples be for fission track dating to be a useful dating tool? ✅any age;
can't be less than 1k
How old can samples be for potassium-argon dating to be a useful dating tool?
✅above 100k years; could go as low as 75k
How old can samples be for paleomagnetic (old) dating to be a useful dating tool?
✅above 750k years
What are some ways in which humans and apes are morphologically different?
✅Humans have/can:
-chew side to side
-larger brain cases
-brain above brow ridges
-teeth form an arch
-high palate
-chin instead of simian shelf
-room for the tongue and phonation in the mouth
Chimps have/can:
-chew only up and down
-smaller brain cases
-brain behind brow ridges, not above
-jaws are widest at the canines
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