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Hondros BIO 117 Exam 2 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS_.pdf
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9/2/24, 8:57 PMHondros BIO 117 Exam 2
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (70)
Shaft of long bone diaphysis
Site of longitudinal bone growth epiphyseal disc
Bone-building cell osteoblast
Site of blood cell production red bone marrow
Tough outer covering of the bone periosteum
Enlarged end of a long bone epiphysis
Cancellous bone spongy bone
Osteon haversian system
Bone-eroding cell that helps in bone marrow osteoclast
remodeling
Hollow center of a long bone medullary cavity
The epiphyseal disc is composed of cartilage and is involved in the growth of long bones
Osteoclastic activity stimulates bone breakdown
Depression of the red bone marrow causes a life-threatening decline in red blood cells
Osteoporosis affects the older population, Parathyroid Hormone, turning on osteoclasts, turning off osteoblasts
with women being more affected. Other
bone diseases cause a decrease in bone
density. Which hormone could possibly be
contributing to this, what cell is turning on
and which cell is turning off?
Pelvic Girdle: Sacrum, Coccyx, Pelvic bone (ilium, ischium, pubis)
What are all the bones of the Pelvic and
Pectoral Girdles?
Pectoral Girdle: Scapula and Clavicle
If we needed less calcium in the Calcitonin from the thyroid gland, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts
bloodstream, what hormone would I want to
use? What gland does this hormone come
from? What cell does it stimulate? What cell
Hondros BIO 117 Exam 2
does it inhibit?
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, 9/2/24, 8:57 PM
Humerus (articulates with scapula, radius, ulna), radius (articulates with humerus, ulna,
What are the bones of the arm? What bone
carpals), ulna (articulates with radius, humerus, carpals)
does each articulate with? What special
cartilage can we see at the ends of these
Special Cartilage = articular cartilage
articulating bones? Is this appendicular
skeleton or axial skeleton?
Appendicular skeleton
Femur (articulates with pelvic bone, tibia, patella), Tibia (articulates with fibula, patella,
What are the bones of the leg? What bone
talus), Fibula (articulates with tibia, talus)
does each articulate? Where would I see
synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid is in the knee joint
What bones make up the axial skeleton? Cranium, Vertebrae, Rib cage, Pelvic bone
If someone is suffering from tendonitis, what The muscle tendon is inflamed, it connects muscle to bone.
is inflamed? What does this structure
connect?
What do ligaments connect? bone to bone
What do aponeuroses connect? muscle to muscle
What is the function of the Sarcoplasmic To store and release calcium for muscle contraction
Reticulum?
Muscles are constantly using a lot of energy, Mitochondria, they produce ATP.
what special organelle would we expect to
see here? What is the function of that
organelle?
When oxygen is around what kind of process Aerobic
do our cells use?
When oxygen is not around what kind of Anerobic
process do our cells use?
Is aerobic or anaerobic more favorable? Aerobic
Muscles have 2 main actions: contraction Somatic Motor Neuron and Acetylcholine
and relaxation, nervous stimulation are
needed to stimulate the muscle to contract.
What kind of neuron innervates the muscle
fiber? What kind of neurotransmitter is
needed to complete this action?
If a muscle is a synergist to another muscle, Its action is the same as the muscle
what does this mean?
If a muscle is an antagonist to another Its action is opposite to the muscle
muscle, what does this mean?
What muscles cause flexion of the leg? Biceps femoris, semitendonitis, semimembranousis
What muscles cause adduction of the arm? Latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
What muscles cause dorsiflexion? Tibialis Anterior
What muscles cause plantarflexion? Gastrocnemius and soleus
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