Exam (elaborations)
Biopsychology: Chapter 2 - Functional Neuroanatomy: The Nervous System and Behavior
- Course
- Institution
Biopsychology: Chapter 2 - Functional Neuroanatomy: The Nervous System and Behavior
[Show more]
Content preview
IBIOPSYCHOLOGY: CHAPTER 2 -FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY: THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM AND BEHAVIOR
Neurons - -nerve cells
-most important part of the nervous system
Glial Cells - -provide support for and contribute to information processing neurons
Golgi (what was the golgi thought?) - -Thought neurons were connected
-Developed apparatus stain
Cajal - -Proved Golgi wrong
-Neurons have a gap between them to keep the cells separate
The Neuron Doctrine - -States that cells are independent from one another (contiguous)
-Information is transmitted from one neuron to another by synapses
What structures does the neuron have in common with with other cells? - Mitochondria, cell nucleus,
and ribosomes
Mitochondria - Produce energy
Cell Nucleus - Contains genetic instructions
Ribosomes - Translate genetic instruction into proteins
What is the difference between other cells and neurons? - Neurons can send information
What is contained in the structure of a neuron? - Dendrite, cell body, and axon
What is the purpose of a dendrite? - Receives information
What is another name for the cell body? - Soma
What is the purpose of the axon? - Sends information
What are the functional zones? - Input zone, integration, conduction, and output
What is the input zone? - Dendrites. The input zone is where the neurons collect and integrate
information, either from the environment or from other cells
What is the integration zone?` - Axon Hillock. The integration zone is where the decision to produce a
neural signal is made
,What is the conduction zone? - Axon. The conduction zone is where information can be transmitted over
great distances
What is the output zone? - Axon terminals. The output zone is where the neuron transfers information to
other cells
What shapes can neurons be - -Multipolar neurons
-Bipolar neurons
-Unipolar ineurons
Multipolar ineurons i- iMost icommon
Bipolar ineurons i- iSeen iin ithe ivisual isystem/sensory isystem
Unipolar ineurons i- iLess icommon
What ifunctions ican ineurons ihave i- i-Motor ineurons
-Sensory ineurons
-Interneurons
Motor ineurons i- iInnervates imuscles/parts ithat imove
What iare ithe itypes iof ineurons iclassified iby? i- i-Shape
-Function
-Size
What iis ithe idifference ibetween ilarge iand ismall ineurons iin iterms iof icomplexity iand idistance? i- iFor
ismaller ineurons: iLess icomplicated iand inot ithat ifar
What iare iNissl istains i- i-Nissl istains ioutline iall icell ibodies ibecause ithe idyes iare iattracted ito iRNA,
iwhich iencircles ithe inucleus
-Allow icounting iof icells
Golgi iStains i- i-Golgi istains ifill ithe iwhole icell, irevealing idetails, ibut istain ionly ia ismall iproportion iof
ineurons
-Allows ifor iexamination iof isingle icells
What ithree icomponents ido isynapses ihave? i- iPresynaptic imembrane, isynaptic icleft, iand ipostsynaptic
imembrane
What iis iused ifor isynaptic itransmission? i- iSynaptic ivesicles, ineurotransmitters, iand ireceptors
What iare ineurons ipacked iwith? i- iReceptors
-1 ineuron imay ihave ibetween i5k iand i100k icontacts
, What iare idendritic ispines? i- i-Part iof ia ineuron ithat iis iin iconstant imotion iand ichanging ishape
-Allows ifor iextra isynaptic icontacts
What iis ineural iplasticity? i- i-Structural iand inumerical ichanges iof ithe ispines
-This ican ioccur irapidly ior ilast ia ilifetime
What ipart iis iused ifor iintegration iand itransmission iof iinformation i- iAxon ihillock iand iaxon icollaterals
Axon ihillock i- iIntegration
Axon icollaterals i- iWhen ithe iaxon isplits iinto imultiple ibranches icalled iaxon icollaterals
Axonal itransport i- i-Kinesin-Anterograde
-Dynein-Retrograde
Kinesin-Anterograde i- iA imotor iprotein ithat itransports icargo idown ithe iaxon/end iof imicrotubules iplus
iend
Dynein-Retrograde i- iA imotor iprotein ithat itransports icargo iback ito ithe isoma/end iof imicrotubules
iminus iend
What ido iglial icells ido? i- iThey iare inot ijust i"glue"
-Enhance ineural iactivity
-Communicate
-Numerous
What iare ithe i4 itypes iof iglial icells? i- i3 itypes iin ithe iCNS
-Astrocytes
-Microglia
-Oligodendrocytes
1 itype iin ithe iPNS
-Schwann iCells
What ido iSchwann icells ido? i- iThey iform imyelin isheath iin ithe iPeripheral iNervous iSystem i(PNS)
What ido iAstrocytes ido? i- i-Monitor iActivity
-End ifeet iof iastrocytes iensheathe iblood ivessels iin ithe ibrain i(form iblood ibrain ibarrier)
What idoes ithe iBlood iBrain iBarrier ido? i- iKeeps ithe ibad istuff/toxins iout iof ithe ibrain
What idoes iMicroglial ido? i- iMacrophage ifound iin ithe iCNS
-Clean iup ithe idirty istuff iin ithe inervous isystem
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller knowledgeNest. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now