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Fresenius Progressive Renal Education Program Questions With 100- Correct Answers_.pdf
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9/3/24, 4:59 PMFresenius Progressive Renal Education Program
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (163)
Patient Care Technician's Roles and Evaluate patients and reinforce nursing education
Resposibility
What are the anatomical structures of the The Urinary System is made of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder, and a urethra
Urinary System in order of urine flow?
What is a nephron? Nephron is the functional units of the kidney
the Glomerurles. Tangled cluster of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule.
What is the nephron composed by?
And the tubles
What are the functional units of the kidney? Nephrons
How blood is processed by capillaries, Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery. The artery eventually branches off into
Bowman's capsule, and tuble? arterioles and finally capillaries. Bowman's capsule empties the filtrate into a tuble.
What are 4 functions of nephron? 1. Filtration, 2. Re-absorption, 3. Secretion, and 4. Excretion
The kidney has 7 functions: A? Acid-Base balance. Bicarbonate
The kidney has 7 functions: W? Water balance maintenance. Blood volume and Urination
The kidney has 7 functions: E? Electrolyte balance and Erythropoietin production
The kidney has 7 functions: T? Toxin removal. Creatinine, Urea, Uric Acid, and Ammonia
The kidney has 7 functions: B Blood Pressure regulation. Renin hormone
The kidney has 7 functions: D? Vitamin D metabolism/ activation. Calcitriol hormone
What electrolytes does kidney balance? Potassium, Calcium, and Sodium
Glomerular Filtration Rate in the stage 5 of GFR is Less than 15
kidney disease?
Glomerular Filtration Rate in the stage 4 of GFR is 15-29
kidney disease?
Glomerular Filtration Rate in the stage 3 of GFR is 30-59
kidney disease?
Glomerular Filtration Rate in the stage 2 of GFR is 60-89
kidney disease?
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Glomerular Filtration Rate in the stage 1 of GFR is More than 90
kidney disease?
What are the Types of Kidney Failure? Acute Renal failure and Chronic Renal failure
What are 3 main causes of Acute Renal Drug toxicity, Motor Vehicle Accident, and Dehydration
Failure/ Acute Kidney Injury?
What are ARF and AKI? Acute Renal Failure, Acute Kidney Injury
What are 3 main causes of Chronic Renal Diabetes, Hypertension, and Glomerulonephritis
Failure?
Elevated serum levels of BUN/ Creatinine, Phosphorus, and potassium. Anemia, Nerve
What are classic signs of Renal Failure? damage, Yellow-grayish skin, Fluid overload, Shortness of Breath, Edema,
Hypertension, and Proteinuria
Whats are classic symptoms of Renal Uremia, Lethargy, Weakness, Headache, Itching, Fatigue, Nausea, Restlessness, Mental
Failure? status changes, and Loss of appetite.
What is Anemia? Lack of Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Decreased or lacking Erythropoietin production, Shortened RBC lifespan, Decreased
What are causes of Anemia?
iron absorption, and blood loss during dialysis
How is Anemia treated? Erythropoieting Stimulating Agents are administrated
1. Removing waste from the blood, 2. Removing excess fluid from the blood, and 3.
Dialysis replace three main kidney tasks?
Keeping electrolytes in balance
Solvents Fluids which dissolve particles
Solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another
Hypertonic
solution
Solutes Particles which are dissolved in fluid
Movement of solutes (particles) across a semi-permeable membrane from higher
Diffusion
concentration to lower concentration
1. Concentration Gradient, 2. Temperature, 3. Molecular weight of solutes, 4. Membrane
What factors impact the rate of Diffusion? permeability, 5. Surface Area, 6. Flow Geometry Convection/ Solute Drag, and 7. Nature
of the solution
Solute Drag is the most effective way to remove large solutes
the concentration of each electrolyte in the patient blood is equal to the concentration
Diffusion stops when
in the dialysate
Solutions Products which are Combinations of solvents and solutes
Osmosis Movement of fluid from lower concentration to higher concentration
Solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another
Hypotonic
solution
Theoretical Conductivity Read by the machine. Safe Range is +0.5 or -0.5 from the meter reading
Hypotonic Dialysate More dilute than the blood which can lead Hemolysis
What is Countercurrent flow? Blood and Dialysate flow in opposite directions
Hypertonic Dialysate More concentrated than the blood which can lead Crenation
Solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another
Isotonic
solution
Ultrafiltration Positive pressure moves out excess fluid in the blood from a lower concentration to a
higher concentration (Osmosis) in the dialyzer
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