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Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis
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Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis
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Test Bank For Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis: ExpertConsult 7th Edition By Zitelli, Basil J.; McIntire, Sara C; Nowalk,
Andrew J 9780323393034 Chapter 1-25 Complete Guide .
Four Principles of Childhood Development - ANSWER: Child development proceeds
along a predictable pathway.
The range of normal development is wide.
Various physical, social, and environmental factors, as well as diseases, can affect
child development and health.
The child's development level affects how you conduct the history and physical
examination.
5 domains of development - ANSWER: Physical development - Fine and gross motor
Cognitive development - Ability to problem solve, Retain and application of
information
Language development - Articulate, receive, express information
Social and emotional development - Form and maintain relationships;
responsiveness to presence of others
Neonatal vs Postnatal Period - ANSWER: Neonatal period—first 28 days; post
neonatal period—29 days - 1 year
Stages of Development + Ages - ANSWER: Newborn (birth)
Infancy (0-12months)
Early childhood (1-4 yrs)
Middle childhood (5-10 yrs)
Adolescence (11-20 yrs)
Early (10-13)
Middle (14-16)
Late (17-20)
When is the first physical exam of a newborn done? - ANSWER: Immediately after
delivery
Explain Apgar Score - ANSWER: Classify neurologic recovery from stress of birth
Assess cardio-pulm adaptation to extrauterine life
Score at 1 and 5 min p/ birth—3 point scale
May continue q5m until score >7
What physical exam parts should you do last in an infant? - ANSWER: Mouth and ear
exam last because most distressing
_________________ is one of the most important indicators of infant health -
ANSWER: Measurement of growth
, When do you measure height and weight? - ANSWER: At every visit
When do you start calculating BMI? - ANSWER: age 2
When do you measure head circumference? - ANSWER: Birth to 2 years
When do you start measuring blood pressure? - ANSWER: Age 3
True or False: Pulse is lower in infancy and speeds up with aging. - ANSWER: False
True or False: Respiratory rate is higher in infancy and slows down with aging. -
ANSWER: True
What is Cutis Marmorata? - ANSWER: Latticelike, bluish mottled appearance on
trunk, arms, legs
Response to cold, may last for months
Normal
What is Acrocyanosis? - ANSWER: Blue cast to hands and feet
Common through early infancy
Should improve with warming
What is Lanugo? - ANSWER: Fine hair covering body
Sheds within first few weeks
What is Vernix Caseosa? - ANSWER: Cheesy white material (water, proteins, lipids)
Covers body; barrier maceration, infection
Moisturizes to pass through birth canal
Leave on 6-24h
Some who will eventually have dark skin have lighter color initially. What body parts
are the exceptions? - ANSWER: Nail beds
Genitalia
Ear folds
What is Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spots)? - ANSWER: Dark/blue-
gray pigmentation over buttocks and lower lumbar region
African, Asian, Hispanic, Mediterranean descent
Due to pigmented cells in deep layers of skin
Normal
Less noticeable with age, can disappear in childhood
What are Vascular Markings? - ANSWER: Flat, irregular, light pink patches
Due to distended capillaries
Nevus simplex, "flame nevi", capillary hemangioma
Vascular marking on nape of neck? - ANSWER: Stork bite
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