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Medical Microbiology
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Medical Microbiology
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Test Bank For Medical Microbiology 8th Edition By Patrick R.Murray, Ken S. Rosenthal, Michael A. Pfaller 9780323299565
Chapter 1-78 Complete Guide .
The acid-fast stain is used to stain:
A. bacteria with waxy cell walls
B. Living bacteria
C. bacteria with capsules
D. endospores
E. bacteria lacking cell walls - ANSWER: A
Which of the following is an accurate description of viruses?
A. They are acellular obligatory parasites
B. They are composed of protein only
C. They are typically about the size of prokaryotic cells
D. They are visible with a light microscope
E. They are the smallest known cells - ANSWER: A
Species and strains of microbes can be distinguished from one another
phenotypically using:
A. electron microscope
B. serological tests
C. G + C content
D. Gram-stain reactions
E. ribosomal RNA analysis - ANSWER: B
Hydrogen bonds are found in all of the following except:
A. between water molecules
B. in DNA double helix between nucleotides
C. between the R groups of amino acids in proteins
D. between phosphates in ATP
E. in the structure of complex polysaccharides - ANSWER: D
Which of the following is only found in eukaryotic cells?
A. DNA
B. Nuclear envelope
C. cytoplasm
D. ribosomes
E. cytoplasmic membranes - ANSWER: B
What is the correct order for the steps in the scientific method?
I. Conduct experiment
II. Develop a hypothesis
III. Analyze results
IV. Accept or reject hypothesis
,A. There is no specific order required
B. IV, III, II, I
C. I, III, II, IV
D. I, II, III, IV
E. II, I, III, IV - ANSWER: E
Identification of bacteria in laboratory usually begins with the _____ for placement
in one of two large groups of bacteria.
A. Koch's stain
B. Petri stain
C. Gram stain
D. Ehrlich magic test
E. Pasteur fermentation test - ANSWER: C
Safranin dye is used as the counterstain in _____ stain(s).
A. the acid-fast
B. both the Gram and the endospore
C. the Gram
D. the flagellar
E. the endospore - ANSWER: B
The type(s) of bonds produced when atoms share electrons equally is/are:
A. a hydrogen bond
B. an ionic bond
C. a polar covalent bond
D. a nonpolar covalent bond
E. both polar covalent and ionic bonds - ANSWER: D
A useful unit for measuring the size of most cells is:
A. decimeters
B. micrometers
C. centimeters
D. nanometers
E. millimeters - ANSWER: B
T/F: Carbon atoms have four valence electrons and typically form polar covalent
bonds. - ANSWER: False
T/F: The endospore stain reveals internal structures within cells of the genera
Bacillus. - ANSWER: True
T/F: One of the products of dehydration synthesis reactions in water. - ANSWER:
True
T/F: Microbiologists study only single-celled organisms. - ANSWER: False
, Koch's postulates can be used only to determine the causes of infectious diseases. -
ANSWER: True
A decomposition reaction that involves breakdown of a covalent bond and uses a
water molecule as a reactant is known as a _____ reaction. - ANSWER: Hydrolysis
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of _____ synthesis. - ANSWER: Lipid
The amateur scientist _____ made his own microscopes and first reported the
existence of microbes. - ANSWER: Leeuwenhoek
The process of immobilizing organisms on a glass slide through the application of
either heat or chemicals is _____. - ANSWER: Fixation
_____ is a part of the Gram-negative cell outer membrane that can produce fever,
inflammation, and shock when it is released into the bloodstream. - ANSWER:
Lipopolysaccharide (Lipid A portoin)
Most antibacterial drugs disrupt or destroy bacterial cellular characteristics that are
different from those of eukaryotic cells or that may not even be present in
eukaryotic cells, an idea termed "selective toxicity." List and describe at least three
cellular features of bacteria that could be targeted to inhibit of kill a bacterial
pathogen. - ANSWER: Antibacterial drugs can attack many cellular features of
bacterial pathogens. The most common targets for these drugs is cell wall synthesis,
bacterial ribosomes, and bacterial appendages like flagella (if present). Bacterial cell
walls are made of peptidoglycan. Penicillin is an example of an antibiotic that attacks
peptidoglycan while it is being made so the glycosidic linkages cannot be formed.
Therefore, when the cell is going through mitosis it will end up rupturing since it
cannot complete the creation of peptidoglycan. Bacterial ribosomes are 70S and
eukaryotic cells contain 80S ribosomes. This makes an easy target because the
antibiotic will only affect cells containing 70S ribosomes, leaving eukaryotic cells
unharmed. Flagella are different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes so an
antimicrobial could target only prokaryotic flagella. However, only prokaryotes
contain pilli or fimbrae so if an antimicrobial d
Use the basic steps of the scientific method to describe Pasteur's experiments to
investigate spontaneous generation. - ANSWER: 1. Observe and formulate a
question.
Does spontaneous generation exist?
2. Formulate a hypothesis.
Spontaneous fermentation occurs in nature (Null hypothesis)
3. Create an experiment
Place broth in a swan neck flask and boil the broth, leave the contents of the flask
exposed to the air by not capping off the end of the flask. (This way scientists
believing in spontaneous generation could not argue that the flask was closed off to
the "vital force.")
3. Observe what occurs
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