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Exam study book Benson's Microbiological Applications of Alfred E. Brown, Harold J. Benson - ISBN: 9780071254168 (Microbiology)
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TEST BANK for Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5thEdition by Slonczewski & Foster
1. From a worldwide perspective, infant mortality in the United States:
a. Is the highest of the other developed nations.
b. Lags behind five other developed nations.
c. Is the lowest infant death rate of developed nations.
d. Lags behind most other developed nations. - ANSWER: ANS: A
Although the death rate has decreased, the United States still ranks last among
nations with the lowest infant
death rates. The United States has the highest infant death rate of developed
nations.
2. The major cause of death for children older than 1 year is:
a. Cancer.
b. Infection.
c. Unintentional injuries.
d. Congenital abnormalities. - ANSWER: ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year
through adolescence. Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of death in those
younger than 1 year and are less significant in this
age group. There have been major declines in deaths attributed infection
3. In addition to injuries, the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to 19
years are:
a. Suicide, cancer.
b. Homicide, suicide
c. Homicide, heart disease.
d. Drowning, cancer. - ANSWER: ANS: B
In this age group the leading cause of death is accidents, followed by homicide and
suicide. Other causes of
death include cancer and heart disease.
4. The leading cause of death from unintentional injuries in children is:
a. Poisoning.
b. Drowning.
c. Motor vehiclerelated fatalities.
d. Fire- and burn-related fatalities. - ANSWER: ANS: C
Motor vehiclerelated fatalities comprise the leading cause of death in children, as
either passengers or
,pedestrians. Poisoning is the ninth leading cause of death. Drowning is the second
leading cause of death. Fire- and burn-related fatalities are the third leading cause of
death.
5. Which of the following is descriptive of deaths caused by unintentional injuries?
a. More deaths occur in males.
b. More deaths occur in females.
c. The pattern of deaths varies widely in Western societies.
d. The pattern of deaths does not vary according to age and sex. - ANSWER: ANS: A
Most deaths from unintentional injuries occur in males. The pattern of death caused
by unintentional injuries is
consistent in Western societies. Causes of unintentional deaths vary with age and
gender.
6. The type of injury a child is especially susceptible to at a specific age is most
closely related to:
a. Physical health of the child.
b. Developmental level of the child.
c. Educational level of the child.
d. Number of responsible adults in the home. - ANSWER: ANS: B
The childs developmental stage determines the type of injury that is likely to occur.
The childs physical health
may facilitate his or her recovery from an injury. Educational level is related to
developmental level, but it is not as important as the childs developmental level in
determining the type of injury. The number of responsible adults in the home may
affect the number of unintentional injuries, but the type of injury is related to the
childs developmental stage.
7. Which statement regarding childhood morbidity is the most accurate?
a. Morbidity does not vary with age.
b. Morbidity is not distributed randomly.
c. Little can be done to improve morbidity.
d. Unintentional injuries do not have an effect on morbidity. - ANSWER: ANS: B
Morbidity is not distributed randomly in children. Increased morbidity is associated
with certain groups of
children, including children living in poverty and those who were low birth weight.
Morbidity does vary with
age. The types of illnesses in children are different for each age group. Morbidity can
be decreased with
interventions focused on groups with high morbidity and on decreasing
unintentional injuries, which also
affect morbidity.
8. Which statement is most descriptive of pediatric family-centered care?
a. It reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. It encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. It recognizes that the family is the constant in a childs life.
, d. It avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making process. - ANSWER:
ANS: C
The key components of family-centered care are for the nurse to support, respect,
encourage, and embrace the
familys strength by developing a partnership with the childs parents. Family-
centered care recognizes the
family as the constant in the childs life. The nurse should support the cultural
diversity of the family, not
reduce its effect. The family should be enabled and empowered to work with the
health care system and to be part of the decision-making process.
9. The nurse is preparing staff in-service education about atraumatic care for
pediatric patients. Which
intervention should the nurse include?
a. Prepare the child for separation from parents during hospitalization by reviewing a
video.
b. Prepare the child before any unfamiliar treatment or procedure by demonstrating
on a stuffed
animal.
c. Help the child accept the loss of control associated with hospitalization.
d. Help the child accept pain that is connected with a treatment or procedure. -
ANSWER: ANS: B
Preparing the child for any unfamiliar treatments, controlling pain, allowing privacy,
providing play activities for expression of fear and aggression, providing choices, and
respecting cultural differences are components of atraumatic care. In providing
atraumatic care, the separation of child from parents during hospitalization is
minimized. The nurse should promote a sense of control for the child. Preventing
and minimizing bodily injury and pain are major components of atraumatic care.
10. Which statement best describes the process of critical thinking?
a. It is a simple developmental process.
b. It is purposeful and goal directed.
c. It is based on deliberate and irrational thought.
d. It assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate. - ANSWER: ANS: B
Critical thinking is a complex, developmental process based on rational and
deliberate thought. When thinking
is clear, precise, accurate, relevant, consistent, and fair, a logical connection
develops between the elements of
thought and the problem at hand.
11. A clinic nurse is planning a teaching session about childhood obesity prevention
for parents of school-age children. The nurse should include which associated risk of
obesity in the teaching plan?
a. Type I diabetes
b. Respiratory disease
c. Celiac disease
d. Type II diabetes - ANSWER: ANS: D
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