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Exam study book Benson's Microbiological Applications Laboratory Manual of Heidi Smith, Alfred E. Brown, Ph.D. - ISBN: 9781260258981 (Microbiology)
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Test Bank For Benson's Microbiological Applications Laboratory Manual, 15th Edition by Heidi Smith, Alfred E. Brown All Chapters 1-44 With Part 1-14
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Test Bank For Microbiology: A Systems Approach 6th EditionBy Marjorie Kelly Cowan; Heidi Smith 9781260258998 Chapter
1-25 Complete Guide .
What is the biological purpose of fermentation? - ANSWER: To re-oxidize electron
carriers
What is the only molecule that can enter the TCA cycle regardless of what carbon
source is being burned? - ANSWER: Acetyl-CoA
How many ATP are formed during aerobic respiration? - ANSWER: 38
What does the enzyme helicase do? - ANSWER: Unwinds double stranded DNA
What are the end (caps) of eukaryotic chromosomes called? - ANSWER: Telomeres
Glycogen is fermented in the vagina to lactic acid inhibiting the growth of yeast is call
what? - ANSWER: Lactobacilli
What does a large number of intestinal bacteria do? - ANSWER: Suppress the growth
of invading pathogens.
Normal flora on the skin (staphylococci) does what? - ANSWER: Split lipids into fatty
acids to ward of potential colonizers.
Organisms that cause diseases are called? - ANSWER: Pathogens
What are opportunistic pathogens? - ANSWER: Those that normally do not cause
disease but can when they are introduced into a part of the body that they do not
normally inhibit cause an infection in an immunocompromized host.
What is virulence? - ANSWER: A measure of pathogenicity (the relative ability of an
organism to cause disease and the subsequent severity to cause damage.
Virulence factor? - ANSWER: The attribute of an organism that contribute to its
virulence.
What is toxoplasmosis? - ANSWER: Pathogens that infect the fetus through the
placenta.
Other infections of the fetus are? - ANSWER: Anything blood borne.
Infectious dose in bacteria? - ANSWER: Takes the highest dose for an infection
Infectious dose in virus? - ANSWER: The lowest does it takes to cause an infection.
, Leukocidins? - ANSWER: Kills white blood cells.
Capsules? - ANSWER: Hide from the immune system.
Toxins - ANSWER: Pathogens can inflict direct damage to a host.
Exoenzymes? - ANSWER: Is excreted by bacteria and cause damage to the host.
Keratinase? - ANSWER: Digest skin, hair and nails (ringworm).
Collagenase? - ANSWER: Digest connective tissue by coating itself with blood clots
(gangrene).
Exotoxins? - ANSWER: Excreted by the cell
Endotoxins? - ANSWER: Part of the gram-negative LPS
Toxemia? - ANSWER: Toxins is spread by the blood from the site of the infection.
(tetanus, diptheria)
Intoxication? - ANSWER: Ingestion of toxins (botulism, staphylococcal poisoning)
How many ATP are formed from NADH? - ANSWER: 3 ATP
How many ATP are formed from FADH2? - ANSWER: 2 ATP
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER: Glucose= 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP. ( The
breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Pyruvate + Fermentation product? - ANSWER: completely oxidize glucose
Catabolism? - ANSWER: chemical reactions that break down molecules (release of
energy)
Oxidation Reaction? - ANSWER: Reaction where one reactant is oxidized and one
reaction is reduced.
Oxidation? - ANSWER: Loss of electrons.
Reduction? - ANSWER: The gain of electrons.
NAD - ANSWER: Is the primary electron carrier in the cell.
ATP in the cytoplasm is called? - ANSWER: Substrate level phophorylation
Decarboxylation? - ANSWER: To take away carbon
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