1. How can problem-based learning be used to encourage students to think critically (10
marks) and creatively and to develop their teamwork and communication skills (10
marks)? (20)
2. How can context-based learning be effectively applied in indigenous knowledge
systems (IKS) situations to solve complex problems (10 marks) and deal with
challenges faced by communities or organisations (10 marks)? (20)
3. How can experiential learning be used to analyse and evaluate personal experiences
(10 marks), and to apply insights gained from those experiences to new situations or
contexts (10 marks)? (20)
4. How can game-based learning be adapted and modified to create new game
mechanics and challenges (10 marks) and to develop new strategies for engaging and
motivating learners (10 marks)? (20)
5. How can computer-based learning be used to design and develop new interactive
learning environments that leverage emerging technologies such as artificial
intelligence, virtual reality and gamification to enhance student engagement (10 marks)
and improve learning outcomes (10 marks)?
Question 1: How can problem-based learning be used to encourage students to
think critically (10 marks) and creatively and to develop their teamwork and
communication skills (10 marks)? (20)
, 1.1 Encouraging Critical Thinking through Problem-Based Learning (10 marks)
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a pedagogical approach where students learn by
solving real-world problems. It encourages critical thinking in several ways:
• Engagement with Real-World Problems: PBL presents students with complex,
often ill-structured problems that mirror real-life scenarios. This requires students
to critically analyze the problem, identify what they know, and determine what
they need to learn, fostering a deep engagement with the subject matter.
• Independent Research and Inquiry: PBL encourages students to research
independently, seeking out relevant information to solve the problem. This
process involves evaluating sources, synthesizing information, and applying it to
the problem context, all of which are critical thinking skills.
• Reflection and Metacognition: PBL often includes reflective components where
students consider their learning processes and decisions. This reflection helps
them become aware of their thought processes and develop metacognitive skills,
which are crucial for critical thinking.
• Hypothesis Generation and Testing: In PBL, students often develop
hypotheses about potential solutions to problems. They must critically evaluate
these hypotheses, testing them against evidence and revising their ideas as
necessary.
• Collaborative Problem-Solving: Working in groups, students must articulate
their reasoning, challenge assumptions, and critically assess the contributions of
their peers, further developing their critical thinking skills.
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