What does Isotonic mean? Iso= the same/ equal Tonic = concentration of a solution The cell has the same concentration on the inside and on the outside. In normal conditions the cell's intracellular and extracellular are both isotonic.
What fluids are considered to be isotonic? -0.9% Saline -5% Dex...
NUR 325 Exam 2 Practice Questions and
Answers
What does Isotonic mean? ✅Iso= the same/ equal
Tonic = concentration of a solution
The cell has the same concentration on the inside and on the outside. In normal
conditions the cell's intracellular and extracellular are both isotonic.
What fluids are considered to be isotonic? ✅-0.9% Saline
-5% Dextrose in water (DW5)(also considered hypotonic
-5% Dextrose in 0.225% saline (D5W1/4NS
-Lactated ringers
Why are isotonic fluids used? ✅to increase the EXTRACELLULAR fluid volume due to
-blood loss
-surgery
-dehydration
- fluid loss that has been lost extracellularly
What does Hypotonic mean? ✅Hypo: Under/beneath
The cell has a low amount of solute extracellularly and it wants to shift inside the cell to
get everything back to normal via osmosis.
In a Hypotonic solution a cell will..... ✅swell which can cause the cell to burst or lyse.
What fluids are considered to be hypotonic? ✅-0.45% Saline (1/2 NS)
- 0.225% Saline (1/4 NS)
-0.33% saline (1/3 NS)
Why are hypotonic fluid used? ✅Used when the cell is dehydrated and fluids need to
be put back intracellularly. This occurs when patients develop diabetic ketoacidosis or
hyperosmolar hyperglycemia.
Never give ______________ solutions to patients who are at risk for Increased cranial
pressure(can cause fluid to shift into the brain) or extensive burn/trauma( already
hypovolemic).
Why? ✅Hypotonic
You are trying to push extracellular fluid into the cell to rehydrate it. In doing so you can
also deplete their fluid volume.
What does Hypertonic mean? ✅Hyper: excessive
, The cell has a n excessive amount of solutes extracellularly and osmosis is causing
water to rush out of the cell intracellularly to the extracellular area.
In a hypertonic solution a cell will.... ✅shrink
What fluids are considered to be Hypertonic? ✅-3% saline
- 5% saline
- 10% Dextrose in water(D10W)
-5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
- 5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline
- 5% Dextrose in lactated ringers.
Hypertonic solutions are used __________________ for which situations? ✅cautiously
Most likely to be given in the ICU due to quickly arising side effects of pulmonary
edema/ fluid overload.
Hypertonic solutions are preferred to be given via ... ✅Central line
the hypertonic solution is vesicant on the veins and their is a high risk for infiltration.
What are causes of an ECV deficit? ✅diarrhea, NPO, Vomiting, Hemorrhage, diuretic
use
You have a patient who is confused and dizzy with a low BP, high HR, high RR, low UO
and a high BUN. What do you suspect is causing these symptoms? ✅ECV deficit/
Hypovolemia
How do treat a patient with ECV deficit? ✅administer IV fluids (0.9% sodium chloride)
and blood products if necessary.
In a patient with ECV deficit, what are important things to monitor? ✅I/O
Vital signs
Daily weights
electrolytes
renal function(BUN/Cr)
Perform skin care
What are the causes of ECV excess? ✅- Heart failure
- Renal failure
- Excess IV fluids
You have a patient who is confused, experiencing JVD, dyspnea, edema and you hear
crackles when listening to their lungs. They also present with a high BP, increased
weight, and low Hematocrit/Hemoglobin levels. What is going on? ✅The patient is
experiencing ECV excess/Hypervolemia
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