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NR 293 Pharm Exam 1 Questions And Answers Latest Update 2024/2025
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NR 293 Pharm Exam 1 Questions And Answers Latest Update 2024/2025
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NR 293 Pharm Exam 1 Questions And AnswersLatest Update 2024/2025
Pharmacokinetics:
• How do they work?
• How are meds absorbed/distributed?
o Absorption = how the med is getting into the body’s
bloodstream
▪ First pass is gets “check in” to the body in the
liver/intestines. This is helpful because it reduces the
concentration of the drug making it safe before being
redistributed into the systemic system.
• Enteral route = meds are absorbed in the gut
• Those include PO meds (suspension, tablets, caps, etc)
• Parenteral routes = meds that bypass the
liver/intestines
• Those include IV, SQ, IM, sublingual, rectal, etc.
o Distribution: is when protein (like albumin) pick up the drug
and transported around the body. If it’s not carried by the
body then its called a free drug.
• What happens in metabolism?
o Biochemical alterations where the drug is processed/broken
down and made usable via an enzyme system in the liver.
• What is ½ life? Prodgrugs?
o Half-life is de 昀椀 ned as
▪ 50% of the drug being excreted (removed) from the body.
o Prodrug
,• What does excretion mean?
o Removal of the body. Filtered by the kidneys.
, • What does it mean if you have issues with primary organs that
covers those things…
Explain therapeutic index. Wide? Narrow?
• Digoxin/Lithium example of narrow…
• HIGH therapeutic window
o Less monitoring because it is less likely to have an adverse
reaction.
o It is rarely toxic at higher doses.
o Ex: amoxicillin
• LOW therapeutic window
o Requires more monitoring and more likely to have an adverse
reaction
o It is more likely to become toxic with the slightest dose change
o Ex: anticoagulation drugs like Warfarin
Opioids: reversal and sign and symptoms
• Respiratory
• RR < 12BPM
o Give reversal
• CNS
o Fall precaution/fall risk
o Don’t operate heavy machinery.
• GI effects
o For N/V: teach to take meds with food so it does not upset
your stomach
o Constipation: hydration and high 昀椀 ber, ambulate, stool
softener (docusate [colace])
Transdermal Pain Patch [Fentanyl (Duragesic)]
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