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Summary A LEVEL Biology Module 2 OCR Revision Notes (Condensed) $21.93   Add to cart

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Summary A LEVEL Biology Module 2 OCR Revision Notes (Condensed)

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Want to strive for a better grade in biology? Don't leave revisions till the end, and get that A*! Here is an EXTREMELY condensed revision file of ALL module 2 content, and the vital segments you HAVE to know. It covers all the chapters (2-6) for this module and helps link the chapters together wit...

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  • September 4, 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
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Any X
CH 2 :
BASIC COMPONENTS OF LIVING SYSTEMS means HANGE cabbreviated



MICROSCOPES learn HOW magnification
& Total

~ in Mm .
to calibrate , etc .
e =
eyepiece < objective



I
- image MAGNIFICATION
=
# of times greater that an image is than the actual object

A m

↓ ↓
actual RESOLUTION
magnification
=
ability of a microscope to show 2 objects as SEPARATe !!




I
scanningSE
Transmission
LIGHT CONFOCAL TEM
2D

To form image
uses la ser electrons
light

-




max .
magnific >
-
will be eyepiece
ation lens
X
-
X 1 , 000 ,
000 X 500 , 000
X
1500


max reso ,

higher than 0 5 hm
200nm
.

3 -
10nm
Cdist between light
two objects)

# nigrosin / congo
reach Fluorescent
Colour-crystal Violet
stains dyes , a methylene Dyes metals-lead
bine #D
differential #


staining-bianisms
↳ Hematoxalin
osin
nucleic acid
=

turns blue
=
Pink/red-proteins

living/dead living thick 3D
,
organelles thick
advantages
#
specimen
Ip1 /


low resolution dead-vacumm dead vacumm
disadvantages photodamage cells
,
large structures very thin
Slow Baw
--
cell bu
nucleus

, animal

Revise-what do each do ?

Secretory < normal
cell
ANIMAL
RIBOSOmes OSMOOTH
①microfilaments
actin !!
② microtubules
tubulin !I
also
CENTRIOLES CRNA) s ISS
-

no ribosome

contractile fibres protein syn LIPID& CARB
snape F ② ROUGH
- .
:
QG
-
- -




-
more / contract -
movement -
float freely/RER synthesis ,
CYTOKINESIS SPINDLE FIBRes -
made in nuc .
storage
-
ribosomes
-

protein transport


ER
Intermediate fibres
③ folded mem .




CYTOSKELETOR -
mechanical strength
PROTEIN ! ↳ hollow
tubes CISTERNAe
present in cytoplasm
PRODUCTION
-




-
Keep / Shape
made of PROTEIN ORGANS
!
-




!
GOLGI APPARATUS
-
stacked flattened
Cisterne SER
sortn package
CELL PLASMA
-




proteins



Q
membrane -
receive/produce
-

differentially vesicles
permeable
-
movement of
solutes

CytoPlasm MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLEAR CILIA
NUCLEOLUS
-
water
aerobic respiration FLAgELLA
ENVELOPE
-



-
solutes Whip mobile &
folded inner ↑SA

mi
-


cx2mem) - Stationary





enclose membrane
& protect DNA CTRACHEC)
synexte .





NUCLEUS
CDNA molecules
LORISTAC
protein Synthesis
=
lysosomes
>
-
pigment grana
CELL kill Body
I

chloroplasts
Gu STRUCTURE - contain enzymes
to break down

Photosyn .
food molecules ,

> thylakoids
-

double cell wasted
(e)
membrane O +
worn out
-
make owN proteins , = stroma
break down
DNA ribosomes
-



,

PATHOgenS PLANT
Clite mito)




CELL WALL
-
Cellulose
microfibrils
-

freely per
DHYSICAL protect
-




pathogen
VACUOLES
-

prevent HYPOTONIC -
membrane
-

turgor pressure lighed sacs
W SAP
-


permanent D
small & transient
*



in animal

= large/turgor
membrane - tonoplast




PLANT

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