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psych chapter 2 learning curves
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UPSYCH CHAPTER 2 LEARNINGCURVES QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
Neurons are _____ that communicate with each through electrical and chemical signals. - nerve cells
When the brain is injured, _____ multiply and secrete substances to defend the brain from infection and
inflammation. - microglia
_____ that are not reabsorbed drift out of the synaptic gap through diffusion. - neurotransmitters
Botox is a(n) _____ because it blocks the release of acetylcholine. - antagonist
_____ reside exclusively in the brain and spinal cord and act as bridges connecting sensory and motor
neurons. - interneurons
The peripheral nervous system includes all the neurons that are not in the: - central nervous system
Chemical messengers released into the blood stream that influence mood, cognition, appetite, and many
other processes and behaviors are called: - hormones
Which statement BEST characterizes neuroscience? - It incorporates disciplines like engineering,
computer science, and psychology.
_____ release chemical messengers that transmit messages to other neurons. - terminal buds
Neurotransmitters that are not reabsorbed into the axon buds, drift out of the _____ through diffusion. -
synaptic gap
The neurotransmitter dopamine plays a key role in: - learning through reinforcement
A type of nerve cell that resides exclusively in the brain and spinal cord and acts as a bridge connecting
sensory and motor neurons are called: - interneurons
An fMRI study found that certain regions of the parietal cortex, the amygdala, and hypothalamus were
_____ in women, while areas of the parietal cortex, the amygdala, and hypothalamus were _____ in
men. - smaller; larger
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of how the body responds to imminent danger? - The thick band
of nerve fibers connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres is cut.
The human nervous system is a communication network that conveys messages throughout your body
using: - electrical and chemical signals
The tiny gap between a terminal bud of one axon and a neighboring dendrite of the next neuron is called
the: - synapse
, Low levels of acetylcholine in the brain have been linked to: - Alzheimer's disease
Gigi is studying with a classmate, preparing for an exam in psychology. She quizzes her classmate, asking
her which type of nerve cell is specialized for receiving direct information about the environment and
transmitting this information to brain for further processing. Which answer should her classmate
choose? - sensory neurons
The sympathetic nervous system mobilizes the _____ response to stressful or crisis situations. - fight-or-
flight
Christina Santhouse suffered from Rasmussen's encephalitis, which was causing her to have
uncontrollable seizures. She underwent a _____, which is a surgery that removes nearly half of the brain.
- hemispherectomy
Which statement BEST describes a neuron? - It is a specialized cell that communicates through electrical
and chemical signals.
Schwann cells produce the _____ that envelops axons. - myelin
Last night Gaylen studied hard for his psychology exam. He feels very confident today about being able
to describe how neurons communicate. One of the last processes he learned about was what happens
after neurotransmitters are released. Those that are not reabsorbed can drift out of the _____ through
diffusion. - synaptic gap
Stasia is thinking of giving up coffee. Because of her continued use of _____, she can expect to feel
anxious, restless, and have headaches if she reduces her consumption. - caffeine
Professor Walsh is trying to explain the spinal cord to her class. She tells her students to imagine a
bundle of neurons that shuttles information back and forth between the _____ and the _____ nervous
system. - brain; peripheral nervous system
The _____ prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate and respiration, slowing digestion and
other bodily functions. - sympathetic nervous system
Professor Tran studies human behavior and how it is influenced by biology. His specific field of interest is
the communication system that uses glands to convey messages. He studies the _____, which involves
the release of hormones into the bloodstream. - endocrine system
Neurons communicate with each other through _____ signals. - electrical and chemical
Leon is learning about the human nervous system. He had heard of neurons before, but was surprised to
learn about another important type of cell. _____ serve as the "glue" of the nervous system, providing
cohesion and support for neurons. - glial cells
Dr. Pereyra is preparing for class and is thinking about how to explain the movement of oppositely
charged ions. The way she explains it is that _____ causes similarly charged ions to spread apart and
oppositely charged ions to move toward each other. - electrostatic pressure
Basil is studying for a psychology test on neurotransmitters, and is trying to memorize their various
functions. First on the list is the neurotransmitter _____, which enables movement by relaying messages
from motor neurons to muscles. - Acetylcholine
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