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PALS Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
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PALS Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
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PALS Questions And Answers WithVerified Solutions Already Passed!!!
What is acryocyanosis? - ANSWER✔✔ blue discoloration of the hands and feet
What does EWL stand for? - ANSWER✔✔ Estimated weight loss.
Correlates with volume depletion (5% volume depletion = 5% EWL)
Apnea is cessation of breathing for ___ seconds. - ANSWER✔✔ 20
Can be less than 20s if accompanied by bradycarida, cyanosis, or pallor
What is the most common cause of bradycardia in kids? - ANSWER✔✔
apnea/hypoxia
What is croup? - ANSWER✔✔ Inflammation of the larynx/vocal cords
How is croup classified? - ANSWER✔✔ Mild (barking cough)
Moderate (stridor and retractions at rest)
Severe (significant agitation, decreased air entry)
When can cyanosis appear? - ANSWER✔✔ With a normal SpO2 if Hb is < 5
g/mL
With a normal Hb if SpO2 is <70%
If Hb is low (8 g/dL), the SpO2 must be even lower (<40%) for cyanosis to appear
,What is disordered control of breathing? - ANSWER✔✔ Abnormal respiratory
pattern caused by either muscle weakness (inadequate reversal), depressed
consciousness (sedative overdose, poisoning, seizures, etc), or elevated ICP
What is grunting? - ANSWER✔✔ Low pitched sound during expiration caused by
small airway obstruction/collapse, or by child partially closing the glottis during
exhalation (helps keep small airways open)
What can grunting be a sign of? - ANSWER✔✔ Impending respiratory failure
What is head bobbing? - ANSWER✔✔ Use of neck muscles to assist breathing
and a sign of respiratory failure. On inspiration the chin lifts, and on expiration the
chin fall.
Hypoxemia for a child is what on room air? - ANSWER✔✔ less than or equal to
94% on room air
What is hypoglycemia for a neonate, and for infants, children and adolescents? -
ANSWER✔✔ neonates: <45 mg/dL
infants, children, adolescents: <60 mg/dL
What are 3 ways to treat pediatric bradycardia? - ANSWER✔✔ 1. Oxygenation
and ventilation
2. Epi (always give Epi in bradycardi unless suspecting a vagal response)
3. Atropine
How is hypoglycemia treated? - ANSWER✔✔ D25W (Dextrose 25% in water)
,250 mg/mL (0.25 g/mL)
4 mL = 1 g
What is the dose of D25W for hypoglycemia treatment? - ANSWER✔✔ 2-4
mL/kg (0.5-1 g/kg)
What is hypotension in neonates? - ANSWER✔✔ systolic BP <60
What is hypotension in infants? - ANSWER✔✔ systolic BP <70
What is hypotension in children 1-10 years of age? - ANSWER✔✔ systolic BP
<70 + (age in years x 2)
What is hypotension in children older than 10? - ANSWER✔✔ <90
What is mottling? - ANSWER✔✔ Patchy discoloration of skin caused by areas of
vasoconstriction (pallor) mixed with areas of vasodilation (cyanosis or erythema).
Death usually results within the day.
What is nasal flaring a sign of? - ANSWER✔✔ This is dilation of the nostrils with
inhalation and a sign of respiratory distress
What is non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ARDS)? - ANSWER✔✔ Bilateral
infiltrates on chest xray (with no evidence of cardiac cause) and alveolar capillary
membrane injury.
Caused by pulmonary or systemic disease. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio is <200mmHg
, What is pallor? - ANSWER✔✔ pale color due to lack of O2 in the skin
What are some signs of good peripheral perfusion (vasodilation)? - ANSWER✔✔
Good pulse (as long as BP is adequate)
Flushed skin
Brisk capillary refill (if BP is still adequate. < 2 seconds)
Delayed capillary refill (if BP is too low)
What are some signs of poor peripheral perfusion (vasoconstriction)? -
ANSWER✔✔ Weak pulse
Pale skin
Delayed capillary refill
What is petechiae? - ANSWER✔✔ Purple discolorations caused by bleeding from
capillaries and small vessels. Small dots, suggest a low platelet count. Often a sign
of septic shock.
What is purpura? - ANSWER✔✔ Purple discolorations caused by bleeding from
capillaries and small vessels. They appear as larger areas than petechiae, but are
also often a sign of septic shock.
What is poikliothermia? - ANSWER✔✔ Unable to regulate body temperature
What 3 things is pulse pressure primarily affected by? - ANSWER✔✔ 1. Stroke
volume
2. SVR
3. Aortic compliance
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