Exam (elaborations)
PALS Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
- Course
- Institution
PALS Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
[Show more]
Content preview
PALS Questions And Answers WithVerified Solutions Already Passed!!!
What is acryocyanosis? - ANSWER✔✔ blue discoloration of the hands and feet
What does EWL stand for? - ANSWER✔✔ Estimated weight loss.
Correlates with volume depletion (5% volume depletion = 5% EWL)
Apnea is cessation of breathing for ___ seconds. - ANSWER✔✔ 20
Can be less than 20s if accompanied by bradycarida, cyanosis, or pallor
What is the most common cause of bradycardia in kids? - ANSWER✔✔
apnea/hypoxia
What is croup? - ANSWER✔✔ Inflammation of the larynx/vocal cords
How is croup classified? - ANSWER✔✔ Mild (barking cough)
Moderate (stridor and retractions at rest)
Severe (significant agitation, decreased air entry)
When can cyanosis appear? - ANSWER✔✔ With a normal SpO2 if Hb is < 5
g/mL
With a normal Hb if SpO2 is <70%
If Hb is low (8 g/dL), the SpO2 must be even lower (<40%) for cyanosis to appear
,What is disordered control of breathing? - ANSWER✔✔ Abnormal respiratory
pattern caused by either muscle weakness (inadequate reversal), depressed
consciousness (sedative overdose, poisoning, seizures, etc), or elevated ICP
What is grunting? - ANSWER✔✔ Low pitched sound during expiration caused by
small airway obstruction/collapse, or by child partially closing the glottis during
exhalation (helps keep small airways open)
What can grunting be a sign of? - ANSWER✔✔ Impending respiratory failure
What is head bobbing? - ANSWER✔✔ Use of neck muscles to assist breathing
and a sign of respiratory failure. On inspiration the chin lifts, and on expiration the
chin fall.
Hypoxemia for a child is what on room air? - ANSWER✔✔ less than or equal to
94% on room air
What is hypoglycemia for a neonate, and for infants, children and adolescents? -
ANSWER✔✔ neonates: <45 mg/dL
infants, children, adolescents: <60 mg/dL
What are 3 ways to treat pediatric bradycardia? - ANSWER✔✔ 1. Oxygenation
and ventilation
2. Epi (always give Epi in bradycardi unless suspecting a vagal response)
3. Atropine
How is hypoglycemia treated? - ANSWER✔✔ D25W (Dextrose 25% in water)
,250 mg/mL (0.25 g/mL)
4 mL = 1 g
What is the dose of D25W for hypoglycemia treatment? - ANSWER✔✔ 2-4
mL/kg (0.5-1 g/kg)
What is hypotension in neonates? - ANSWER✔✔ systolic BP <60
What is hypotension in infants? - ANSWER✔✔ systolic BP <70
What is hypotension in children 1-10 years of age? - ANSWER✔✔ systolic BP
<70 + (age in years x 2)
What is hypotension in children older than 10? - ANSWER✔✔ <90
What is mottling? - ANSWER✔✔ Patchy discoloration of skin caused by areas of
vasoconstriction (pallor) mixed with areas of vasodilation (cyanosis or erythema).
Death usually results within the day.
What is nasal flaring a sign of? - ANSWER✔✔ This is dilation of the nostrils with
inhalation and a sign of respiratory distress
What is non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ARDS)? - ANSWER✔✔ Bilateral
infiltrates on chest xray (with no evidence of cardiac cause) and alveolar capillary
membrane injury.
Caused by pulmonary or systemic disease. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio is <200mmHg
, What is pallor? - ANSWER✔✔ pale color due to lack of O2 in the skin
What are some signs of good peripheral perfusion (vasodilation)? - ANSWER✔✔
Good pulse (as long as BP is adequate)
Flushed skin
Brisk capillary refill (if BP is still adequate. < 2 seconds)
Delayed capillary refill (if BP is too low)
What are some signs of poor peripheral perfusion (vasoconstriction)? -
ANSWER✔✔ Weak pulse
Pale skin
Delayed capillary refill
What is petechiae? - ANSWER✔✔ Purple discolorations caused by bleeding from
capillaries and small vessels. Small dots, suggest a low platelet count. Often a sign
of septic shock.
What is purpura? - ANSWER✔✔ Purple discolorations caused by bleeding from
capillaries and small vessels. They appear as larger areas than petechiae, but are
also often a sign of septic shock.
What is poikliothermia? - ANSWER✔✔ Unable to regulate body temperature
What 3 things is pulse pressure primarily affected by? - ANSWER✔✔ 1. Stroke
volume
2. SVR
3. Aortic compliance
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller classhub. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81989 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now