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cognitive approach

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notes on cognitive approach within topic of approaches for aqa a level psych

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  • September 4, 2024
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Cognitive approach

This process is interested in the mind and internal mental processes these include:
- Thinking
- Memory
- Attention
- Perception
- Language
 These processes cannot be seen
 Inferences must be made about them and how they work from observations and
experiments.
 Believes internal mental processes should be studied scientifically.

Schema – a mental framework of beliefs and expectation that influence cognitive
processing. They are developed from experience
 Schemas are packages of ideas and information
 As we get older our schema becomes more detailed and sophisticated
 Enables us to process lots of information quickly and take shortcuts in our thinking,
preventing us from being overwhelmed by stimuli
 They help us predict what will happen in the world around us based on experience
 Can lead to us make errors in the way we see things leading to unreliable recall and
distort our interpretation of sensory information

Schema study – the rat man
- 2 groups of participants were shown a sequence of pictures, either several different
faces or animals
- They were then shown an ambiguous figure of the rat man




Results
- Participant who saw animals were more likely to see a rat
- Participants who saw faces were more likely to see a person

Theoretical and computer models
 Theoretical model – (information processing approach) information flows through
the cognitive system in a sequence of stages e.g., input, output, storage, and
retrieval (e.g., WMM)
 Computer model - involves programming a computer to see if instructions produce a
similar output to humans.
 If so, we can suggest similar processes are going on in the human mind.
 Some of these models have proved useful in the development of artificial
intelligence.

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