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Biology Paper 1 - IEB Gr11/Population Ecology - IEB Definitions test guide
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Biology Paper 1 - IEB Gr11/Population Ecology - IEB Definitions test guide
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Biology Paper 1 - IEB Gr11/PopulationEcology - IEB Definitions test guide
Individual - ANS A single organism capable of independent existence
Ecology - ANS study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and
their physical and biological environments
Organism - ANS an individual form of life composed of a single cell or a complex of
cells that are capable of growing and reproducing
Species - ANS A group of individuals with similar characteristics that can breed
amongst themselves and produce fertile offspring.
Population - ANS A group of individuals of the same species living in the same
environment and can freely breed with each other, that are reproductively isolated from
other individuals of the same species in different habitats
Community - ANS A group of different species that inhabit and interact in a
particular area.
Ecosystem - ANS Made up of groups of different species that interact with each
other and with the environment.
Limiting Factors - ANS Certain factors prevent unlimited growth in a population
which would exceed its maximum growth rate. These factors are limiting factors and
together are called environmental resistance.
Population density - ANS Number of individuals per unit area
Natality - ANS birth rate
mortality - ANS death rate
Immigration - ANS the number of individuals entering a habitat
Emigration - ANS the number of individuals leaving a habitat
, Closed population - ANS The only factors/parameters affecting population size are
natality and mortality. There is no immigration or emigration. E.g.; fish tank, game
reserve with fences
Open population - ANS Factors/parameters population size are natality, mortality,
immigration and emigration. E.g.; people in a community.
Carrying capacity (K) - ANS The maximum number of individuals that a specific
environment can sustain over a relatively long period of time
Density dependent factors - ANS Factors that increase or take effect as population
size increases
Culling - ANS The selective killing of wild animals when their numbers exceed the
carrying capacity of their environment
Predator prey relationship - ANS The predator prey relationship is the biological
interaction between the organism that hunts and kills for food and the organism that
serves as the source of food. Only the fastest prey with the best avoidance strategies
survives and passes on the beneficial genes to its offspring. Only the fastest and most
skilful predator finds food, survives and passes on the beneficial genes. Both predator
and prey are thus selected for the best traits which improves the fitness and gene pool
of their populations, to the benefit of both species. In a healthy predator-prey
relationship neither species exceeds the growth of the other but maintains stability
without extinctions. They keep their populations under control at levels that the
environment can support.
Biological control - ANS The control of a pest population by using an organism that
is a natural predator of the pest - avoids toxins and pesticides
population ecology - ANS Fluctuations in the size of a population and the factors,
both physical and social, that regulates these fluctuations
Ecological Niche - ANS The particular combination of abiotic and biotic factors that
determine where a species can survive and reproduce. Within the ecosystem each
living organism has its own life to live and role to play.
All conditions necessary for an organism to survive and reproduce
environmental resistance - ANS The total number of factors that stop a population
from reproducing at its maximum rate
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