BIOL 253 FINAL Review Exam Questions With Verified.
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Course
Bio 253
Institution
Bio 253
BIOL 253 FINAL Review Exam Questions
With Verified.
Define hormone - answera chemical messenger that are released into on tissue and
transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues
what is the pathway of growth hormone - answerregulated by GH-RH (growth...
BIOL 253 FINAL Review Exam Questions
With Verified.
Define hormone - answer✔✔a chemical messenger that are released into on tissue and
transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues
what is the pathway of growth hormone - answer✔✔regulated by GH-RH (growth hormone
releasing hormone or somarocrinun and GH-IH , growth hormone-inhibiting hormone or
somatostatin from the hypothalmus, Somatomedins inhibit GH-RH and Stimulate GH-IH
What is the impact of growth hormone - answer✔✔Growth, protein synthesis, lipid mobilization,
and catabolism
stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating the rate of protein synthesis, skeletal
muscle cells and chondrocytes (cartilage cells) are particularly sensitive to GH. ,
in epithelial and connective tissues GH stimulates stem cell division and the differentiation of of
daughter cells , in Adipose tissue it stimulates the breakdown of stored triglycerides by
adipocytes, in the liver GH stimulares the breakdown of glycogen reserves by the liver when
then release glucose into the bloodstream
Kidney Hormones and functions - answer✔✔Erythropoietin (EPO) -a peptide hormone released
by the kidneys in response to low oxygen evels i kidney tissues- stimulates the red bone marrow
to produce red blood cells which elevates bolld volume and since they tranpsort oxygen it
iproves the oxygen delievery systems to peripheral tissues
Calcitriol- is a steroid hormone secreted by kidneys in response to parathyroid hormone-function
is to stimulates calcium and and phosphate ion absorption along the digestive tract
Renin- released by juxtaglomerular cells in response to sympathatic stimualtion or a decline in
renal blood flow- functions as an enzyme that starts an enzamatic cascade know as renin-
antiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS) involved with blood pressure regualtion and electrolyte
metabloism
Hormones that control Calcium - answer✔✔The parathyroid hormone (PTH), secreted by the
parathyroid glands, is responsible for regulating blood calcium levels; it is released whenever
blood calcium levels are low.
Positive, negative feedback, homeostasis - answer✔✔negative: consequence opposite to stimulus
rising hormone levels inhibit hormone production
falling hormone levels facilitate hormone production
Positive: consequence same as stimulus
What is the relationship of the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands - answer✔✔hypothalamus
secretes releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones, the adenohypophysis secretes stimulating
hormones/tropic hormones that cause endocrine glands to release hormones
Hormonal control of steroids - answer✔✔adrenocortocotropic hormone (acth) is released in
response to cortocotropin, which stimulates release of steroids by suprarenal cortex. This releases
glucocorticoids which affect glucose metabolism, and as glucose levels rise the secretions of acth
and crh fall.
Stimuli for the release of hormones - answer✔✔sympathetic
General characteristics of classes of hormones - answer✔✔amino acid derivatives-small
molecules structurally related to amino acids
peptide hormones-chains of aminoi acids
lipid derivatives-carbon rings and side chains, built from fatty acids or cholestrol
Function of the hypothalamus - answer✔✔secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones
Location and function of the parathyroid glands - answer✔✔located in the thyroid, releases
parathyroid hormone (pth) to increase calcium levels in body fluids by taking from bone
Functions of blood - answer✔✔Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide
Nutrients
Hormones
Immune system components
Waste products
Regulate pH and ions
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