WGU D430 Fundamentals of Information
Security questions and answers
Define the confidentiality in the CIA triad. - ANS Our ability to protect data from those who
are not authorized to view it.
Examples of confidentiality - ANS A patron using an ATM card wants to keep their PIN
number confidential.
An ATM owner wants to keep bank account numbers confidential.
How can confidentiality be broken? - ANS Losing a laptop
An attacker gets access to info
A person can look over your shoulder
Define integrity in the CIA triad. - ANS The ability to prevent people from changing your
data and the ability to reverse unwanted changes.
How do you control integrity? - ANS Permissions restrict what users can do (read, write,
etc.)
Examples of integrity - ANS Data used by a doctor to make medical decisions needs to be
correct or the patient can die.
Define the availability in the CIA triad. - ANS Our data needs to be accessible when we
need it.
How can availability be broken? - ANS Loss of power, application problems. If caused by an
attacker, this is a Denial of Service attack.
Define information security. - ANS The protection of information and information systems
from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction in order to
provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Define the Parkerian Hexad and its principles. - ANS The Parkerian Hexad includes
confidentiality, integrity, and availability from the CIA triad. It also includes possession (or
control), authenticity, and utility.
Authenticity - ANS Whether the data in question comes from who or where it says it comes
from (i.e. did this person actually send this email?)
Confidentiality is affected by what type of attack? - ANS Interception (eaves dropping)
, Integrity is affected by what type of attacks? - ANS Interruption (assets are unusable),
modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication (generating false data)
Authenticity is affected by what type of attacks? - ANS Interruption (assets are unusable),
modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication (generating false data)
Utility - ANS How useful the data is to you (can be a spectrum, not just yes or no)
Possession - ANS Do you physically have the data in question? Used to describe the scope
of a loss
Identify the four types of attacks - ANS interception, interruption, modification, and
fabrication
Interception attacks - ANS Make your assets unusable or unavailable
Interruption attacks - ANS cause assets to become unusable or unavailable for our use, on
a temporary or permanent basis
Modification attacks - ANS Tampering with an asset
Fabrication attacks - ANS Generating data, process, and communications
Define the risk management process - ANS 1. Identify assets
2. Identify threats
3. Assess vulnerabilities
4. Assess risks
5. Mitigate risks
Define the incident response process and its stages. - ANS Preparation
Detection and analysis
Containment
Eradication
Recovery
Preparation in incident response - ANS creating policies and procedures
Detection in incident response - ANS Using tools and humans to decide if an incident is an
incident
Defense in Depth - ANS employing multiple layers of controls to avoid a single point of
failure
Security questions and answers
Define the confidentiality in the CIA triad. - ANS Our ability to protect data from those who
are not authorized to view it.
Examples of confidentiality - ANS A patron using an ATM card wants to keep their PIN
number confidential.
An ATM owner wants to keep bank account numbers confidential.
How can confidentiality be broken? - ANS Losing a laptop
An attacker gets access to info
A person can look over your shoulder
Define integrity in the CIA triad. - ANS The ability to prevent people from changing your
data and the ability to reverse unwanted changes.
How do you control integrity? - ANS Permissions restrict what users can do (read, write,
etc.)
Examples of integrity - ANS Data used by a doctor to make medical decisions needs to be
correct or the patient can die.
Define the availability in the CIA triad. - ANS Our data needs to be accessible when we
need it.
How can availability be broken? - ANS Loss of power, application problems. If caused by an
attacker, this is a Denial of Service attack.
Define information security. - ANS The protection of information and information systems
from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction in order to
provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Define the Parkerian Hexad and its principles. - ANS The Parkerian Hexad includes
confidentiality, integrity, and availability from the CIA triad. It also includes possession (or
control), authenticity, and utility.
Authenticity - ANS Whether the data in question comes from who or where it says it comes
from (i.e. did this person actually send this email?)
Confidentiality is affected by what type of attack? - ANS Interception (eaves dropping)
, Integrity is affected by what type of attacks? - ANS Interruption (assets are unusable),
modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication (generating false data)
Authenticity is affected by what type of attacks? - ANS Interruption (assets are unusable),
modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication (generating false data)
Utility - ANS How useful the data is to you (can be a spectrum, not just yes or no)
Possession - ANS Do you physically have the data in question? Used to describe the scope
of a loss
Identify the four types of attacks - ANS interception, interruption, modification, and
fabrication
Interception attacks - ANS Make your assets unusable or unavailable
Interruption attacks - ANS cause assets to become unusable or unavailable for our use, on
a temporary or permanent basis
Modification attacks - ANS Tampering with an asset
Fabrication attacks - ANS Generating data, process, and communications
Define the risk management process - ANS 1. Identify assets
2. Identify threats
3. Assess vulnerabilities
4. Assess risks
5. Mitigate risks
Define the incident response process and its stages. - ANS Preparation
Detection and analysis
Containment
Eradication
Recovery
Preparation in incident response - ANS creating policies and procedures
Detection in incident response - ANS Using tools and humans to decide if an incident is an
incident
Defense in Depth - ANS employing multiple layers of controls to avoid a single point of
failure
