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Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with answers 2024

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Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with answers 2024 Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with answers 2024 Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with answers 2024

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Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with
answers 2024
1. Framingham Study: an estimate of the risk of a cardiovascular event

(myocardial infarction or coronary death) within the next 10 years.

2. Framingham risk factors used in the model are:: age

gender

total cholesterol

HDL ("good")

cholesterol systolic

blood pressure

whether a person is on medication to treat high blood pressure

whether the person is a smoker

3. What is xanthelasma?: sharply demarcated yellowish collection of

cholesterol underneath the skin around the eyelids

4. What is Arcus Senilis

What does it indicate?: An accumulation of lipids around the iris. A sign of

very high blood lipids

5. What are triglycerides?: Fat found in animal tissues and plants is in the

form of triglycerides. Triglycerides have three ("tri") fatty acids attached to

a glycerol backbone.

6. Saturated fatty acids contain: Have hydrogen atoms on all available carbon

,Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with
answers 2024
atoms

7. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contain: multiple spots on the fatty acid where

there are no hydrogen atoms, thus, the carbons form a double bond

8. Monounsaturated fatty acids contain: one double bond

9. Hydrogenated (trans) fatty acids: have had hydrogen added. The hydrogen

atoms bond in a trans fashion rather than the naturally occurring cis

formation

10.Omega-6 fatty acids: have an unsaturated spot 6 carbons in from the end

of the chain connected to the glycerol

11.Omega-3 fatty acids: have an unsaturated spot 3 carbons in from the end

of the chain connected to the glycerol

12.What does an excess consumption of calories from protein, carbohydrates or

alcohol cause?: An excess consumption of calories from protein, carbohydrate,

or alcohol will cause the liver to synthesize triglycerides for storage in fat

depots and can stimulate hepatic cholesterol synthesis.

13.What is a micelle?: When bile salts bind to partially digested fats.

Cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins also join the micelle.

14.What does a micelle do?: The micelle carries the lipids to the brush border

of the villi and releases them into the intestinal cell.

,Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with
answers 2024
15.After a micelle releases it's lipids into the intestinal cell, what happens to the bile

salts?: The bile salts are released back into the intestinal lumen, where they

can either pick up more lipids or be eliminated in the feces.

, Pharmacotherapy of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia questions with
answers 2024

16.What happens to the lipids that are released into the intestinal cells by a micelle?:

The lipids reform into triglycerides in the intestinal cell and then are coated

with proteins. This is important because otherwise lipids would coalesce in

the blood and form fat emboli. The protein coated triglycerides, called

chylomicrons, enter the lymphatic system and go to the liver.

17.What is a chylomicron?: type of lipoprotein formed in enterocytes to

transport lipids away from the GI tract

18.The proteins in in lipoproteins are called:: "apolipoproteins" ("apo" means

"without," so "without lipid") and sometimes "apoproteins"

19.How are lipoproteins categorized?: function and density (the more lipid, the

less 'dense')

20.What are VLDLs?: * Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs): transports

en- dogenous lipids to the tissues

* produced in the liver from both chylomicron and endogenous sources of

triglyc- erides.

* They are large lipoproteins because, after chylomicrons, they contain the

most lipid.

21.What are IDLs?: Triglycerides are cleaved off of VLDLs (and used for energy

or stored in fat depots) and the resulting lipoprotein is called an intermediate

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