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Campbell Biology 11th Edition - Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
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Campbell Biology 11th Edition - Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
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Campbell Biology 11th Edition - Unit 1:The Chemistry of Life
What is the central activity, or mission of biology? - *answers* Posing questions about
the living world and seeking answers through the process of scientific inquiry.
Properties of life: - *answers* Order, energy processing, evolutionary adaptation,
growth & development, response to stimuli, regulation, and reproduction.
5 unifying themes - ways of thinking about life - to assist in organizing biology's broad
range of topics: - *answers* 1 - Organization
2 - Information
3 - Energy & Matter
4 - Interactions
5 - Evolution
Organizational theme: New properties emerge at _______________________ levels of
biological organization. - *answers* successive
This level of biological organization consists of all life on Earth and all the places where
life exists: most regions of land, most bodies of water, the atmosphere to an altitude of
several kilometers, and even sediments far below the ocean floor. - *answers*
Biosphere
This level of biological organization consists of all the living things in a particular area,
along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts;
such as soil, water, atmospheric gases, and light. - *answers* Ecosystem
This level of biological organization consists of the large array of organisms inhabiting a
particular ecosystem, or the set of populations that inhabit a particular area. -
*answers* Community
This level of biological organization consists of all the individuals of a species living
within the bounds of a specified area - *answers* Population
This level of biological organization consists of individual living things. For example,
each plant in a meadow. - *answers* Organism
This level of biological organization consists of multiple tissues and has specific
functions in the body. - *answers* Organ
This level of biological organization consists of a group of cells that work together,
performing a specialized function. - *answers* Tissues
, This level of biological organization is life's fundamental unit of structure and function. -
*answers* Cells
This level of biological organization consists of the various functional components
present in cells. - *answers* Organelles
This level of biological organization is a chemical structure consisting of two or more
atoms. - *answers* Molecules
'Zooming in' through the levels of the biological hierarchy at ever-finer resolution
illustrates an approach called ____________________. - *answers* reductionism
______________________ properties are new properties that arise with each step
upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as
complexity increases. - *answers* Emergent
To fully explore emergent properties, biologists today complement reductionism with
__________________ _____________________, the exploration of a biological system
by analyzing the various interactions among its parts; can be used to study life at all
levels of the biological hierarchy. - *answers* systems biology
At each level of the biological hierarchy, we find a correlation between structure and
_________________. Consider a leaf and its thin, flat shape. - *answers* function
Informational theme: Life's processes involve the expression and transmission of
____________________ information. - *answers* genetic
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in
DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). - *answers* gene
The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or,
in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as
RNAs; such as RNAs that regulate the functioning of protein-coding genes or actually
comprise parts of the cellular machinery that manufactures proteins (rRNA). -
*answers* Gene expression
The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an
organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences. -
*answers* Genome
The systematic study of whole sets of genes (or other DNA) and their interactions within
a species, as well as genome comparisons between species. - *answers* Genomics
The systematic study of sets of proteins and their properties, including their abundance,
chemical modifications, and interactions. - *answers* Proteomics
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